{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:47:41Z","timestamp":1791866861501,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fluency Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:44:32Z","timestamp":1791416672000},"page":"106259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Monitoring early stuttering onset before treatment is due: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Van Eerdenbrugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sevenants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib1","unstructured":"Boey, R. (2010). Sociaal-cognitieve gedragstherapie voor stotteren bij heel jonge kinderen [Social-cognitive behavioural therapy for stuttering in very young children]. Standaard Uitgeverij."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Behavioral, social, and emotional well-being in children who stutter: the influence of race-ethnicity","volume":"46","author":"Briley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2020.1746399","article-title":"Natural recovery from stuttering for a clinical cohort of pre-school children who received no treatment","volume":"23","author":"Carey","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.02.012","article-title":"Early intervention for personality disorder","volume":"21","author":"Chanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib5","article-title":"The effects of parental speech rate in children who stutter","volume":"117","author":"Demirsoy Demirci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib6","first-page":"30","article-title":"Inventarisatie van de inhoud en vorm van stottertherapie in Vlaanderen en Walloni\u00eb [Inventory of the content and form of stutter therapy in Flanders and Wallonia","volume":"32","author":"Eggers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Logopedie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib7","unstructured":"European Stuttering Specialization course (ESS) (2023). https:\/\/www.stutteringspecialization.eu\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib8","unstructured":"FAGG (2025). https:\/\/www.fagg-afmps.be\/nl\/MENSELIJK_gebruik\/geneesmiddelen\/geneesmiddelen\/onderzoek_ontwikkeling\/ethisch_comite."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_AJSLP-22-00203","article-title":"What Is Clinical Evidence in Speech-Language Pathology? A Scoping Review","volume":"31","author":"Fissel Brannick","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib10","unstructured":"Franken, M.-C., & Laroes, E. (2021). Restart-DCM Werkwijze (herziene uitgave). Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_AJSLP-21-00209","article-title":"What Is the Role of Questioning in Young Children\u2019s Fluency?","volume":"31","author":"Garbarino","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_PERSP-22-00245","article-title":"Beyond the Stuttering Toolbox: The Concept of Meta-Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Gore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib13","series-title":"Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment","author":"Guitar","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1177\/00187267211070769","article-title":"Survey response rate: Trends and a validity assessment framework","volume":"75","author":"Holtom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Relations"},{"issue":"7518","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38520.451840.E0","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention","volume":"331","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-730X(98)00009-6","article-title":"Child and mother variables in the development of stuttering among high-risk children: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Kloth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.05.003","article-title":"Parent perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their preschoolers and themselves","volume":"43","author":"Langevin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304212","article-title":"Treatment for preschool age children who stutter: Protocol of a randomised, non-inferiority parallel group pragmatic trial with Mini-KIDS, social cognitive behaviour treatment and the Lidcombe Program \u2013 TreatPaCS","volume":"19","author":"Leclercq","year":"2024","journal-title":"PlosONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2021.105844","article-title":"Contemporary issues with stuttering: The Fourth Croatia Stuttering Symposium","volume":"70","author":"Lowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2016.09.003","article-title":"Behavioural, emotional, and social development of children who stutter","volume":"50","author":"McAllister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib21","unstructured":"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Logopedie en Foniatrie (NVLF). (2020). Richtlijn stotteren bij kinderen en adolescenten. https:\/\/www.nvlf.nl\/richtlijnen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0383","article-title":"The Pathogenesis, Assessment and Treatment of Speech Fluency Disorders","author":"Neumann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib23","unstructured":"Onslow, M., Webber, M., Harrison, E., Arnott, S., Bridgman, K., Carey, B., Sheedy, S., O\u2019Brian, S., MacMillan, V., Lloyd, W., Santayana, G., Hodes, G., Smith, K., Hearne, A. (2025, June, version 1.7b). The Lidcombe Program Guide (Version 1.7b). https:\/\/utsd8.prod.acquia-sites.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-06\/The%20Lidcombe%20Program%20Treatment%20Guide%20V1.7b_2025-06-15.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1044\/2025_AJSLP-25-00256","article-title":"How simple can a treatment for early stuttering be? A proposed two-factor early intervention","volume":"35","author":"Onslow","year":"2026","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12034","article-title":"Management of childhood stuttering","volume":"49","author":"Onslow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3067","article-title":"Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study","volume":"132","author":"Reilly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib27","series-title":"Stuttering Severity Instrument - Fourth Edition (SSI-4)","author":"Riley","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7023","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't","volume":"312","author":"Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1667160","article-title":"What are the options for the treatment of stuttering in preschool children?","volume":"39","author":"Shenker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00096","article-title":"Clinical characteristics associated with stuttering persistence: A meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Singer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-730X(02)00144-4","article-title":"The epigenesis of stuttering","volume":"27","author":"Starkweather","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","article-title":"The strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement","volume":"18","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictive factors for persistence and recovery of stuttering in children: A systematic review","author":"Sugathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00324-4","article-title":"Effects of training of shadowing and reading aloud of second language on working memory and neural systems","volume":"15","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2014.01.003","article-title":"Speech disfluencies of preschool-age children who do and do not stutter","volume":"49","author":"Tumanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stottertherapie\u00ebn in model gebracht: Deel 1 \u2013 Wetenschappelijke basis voor twee stottermodellen [Stuttering therapies modeled: Part 1 \u2013 Scientific basis for two stuttering models","volume":"3","author":"Van Eerdenbrugh","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib37","article-title":"KiddyCAT: Communication Attitude Test voor stotterende kleuters","author":"Vanryckeghem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sig"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2005.09.003","article-title":"A comparative investigation of the speech-associated attitude of preschool and kindergarten children who do and do not stutter","volume":"30","author":"Vanryckeghem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib39","unstructured":"Waelkens, V. (2018). Mini-Kids: Stottertherapie bij jonge stotterende kinderen (2\u20136 jaar) [Mini-Kids: Stutter therapy for young stuttering children (2-6 years)]. Acco."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib40","series-title":"Clinical cases in dysfluency","first-page":"32","article-title":"Children showing signs of stuttering","author":"Waelkens","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib41","series-title":"Working with families in speech-language pathology","author":"Watts Pappas","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4205.1097","article-title":"Early Childhood Stuttering I","volume":"42","author":"Yairi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib43","series-title":"Early Childhood Stuttering","author":"Yairi","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2012.11.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances","volume":"38","author":"Yairi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-016-9437-z","article-title":"Effect (s) of language tasks on severity of disfluencies in preschool children with stuttering","volume":"46","author":"Zamani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluency Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094730X26000677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094730X26000677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:23:01Z","timestamp":1791865381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0094730X26000677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0094730X26000677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-730X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-730X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Monitoring early stuttering onset before treatment is due: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfludis.2026.106259","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106259"}}