{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:08:58Z","timestamp":1778821738725,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 104-2320-B-006-008-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 104-2320-B-006-008-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004844","name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCKUH-10407023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCKUH-10407023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]],"date-time":"2016-04-29T22:28:51Z","timestamp":1461968931000},"page":"80-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of metformin by employing 2-hour postload insulin for measuring insulin resistance in Taiwanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Huang-tz","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hsing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep399","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria","volume":"25","author":"March","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det262","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37559","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Sirmans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.9.1165","article-title":"Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Dunaif","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S1878-3317(10)60034-4","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome in Taiwanese women","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2014a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03111-4","article-title":"Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"77","author":"Ovalle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2350","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"98","author":"Legro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu037","article-title":"Metformin in reproductive health, pregnancy and gynaecological cancer: established and emerging indications","volume":"20","author":"Sivalingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701214398","article-title":"Metformin administration is more effective when non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome show both hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia","volume":"23","author":"Genazzani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4021","article-title":"Metformin improves glucose effectiveness, not insulin sensitivity: predicting treatment response in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in an open-label, interventional study","volume":"99","author":"Pau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201015666140330195142","article-title":"The utility of metformin therapy in reproductive-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"15","author":"Nathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13493-9","article-title":"Descriptive review of the evidence for the use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Harborne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2544","article-title":"Elevated circulating levels of irisin and the effect of metformin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00363.x","article-title":"Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research. A comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Vermeire","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80110-7","article-title":"Patient compliance and persistence with antihyperglycemic drug regimens: evaluation of a medicaid patient population with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"23","author":"Dailey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2800","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and adherence to medications measured by claims data in patients with diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Pladevall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1040","article-title":"Improved efficacy of low-dose spironolactone and metformin combination than either drug alone in the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a six-month, open-label randomized study","volume":"98","author":"Ganie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib19","first-page":"325","article-title":"A logistic regression analysis of factors related to the treatment compliance of infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib20","series-title":"Insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian syndrome: pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2053","article-title":"Assessment of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Stovall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.82355","article-title":"Efficacy of 2-hour post glucose insulin levels in predicting insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome with infertility","volume":"4","author":"Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2011.01.2241","article-title":"Advantages of extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"123","author":"Jabbour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib25","first-page":"441","article-title":"Efficacy of once- or twice-daily extended release metformin compared with thrice-daily immediate release metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Bhansali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80093-0","article-title":"Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a once-daily extended-release formulation","volume":"25","author":"Fujioka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198808000-00007","article-title":"A general method of compliance assessment using centralized pharmacy records: description and validation","volume":"26","author":"Steiner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00268-5","article-title":"The assessment of refill compliance using pharmacy records: methods, validity, and applications","volume":"50","author":"Steiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126650","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in white and Mexican American women: a comparison of two distinct populations","volume":"187","author":"Kauffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del142","article-title":"Abnormal glucose tolerance in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.7.6661","article-title":"Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"85","author":"Katz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903126833","article-title":"Good and poor adherence: optimal cut-point for adherence measures using administrative claims data","volume":"25","author":"Karve","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590903215581","article-title":"Clinical, metabolic, and endocrine parameters in response to metformin and lifestyle intervention in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo control trial","volume":"26","author":"Fux Otta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.74156","article-title":"Effect of metformin therapy on 2-h post-glucose insulin levels in patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Saxena","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib36","first-page":"524","article-title":"Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action, and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Ehrmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58266-1","article-title":"Can metformin reduce insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"65","author":"Acbay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380269","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0441","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity after metformin suspension in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Palomba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125003278","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tolerability of extended-release metformin tablets compared to immediate-release metformin tablets: results of a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Blonde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001_bib41","first-page":"528","article-title":"Insulin resistance assessment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome using different diagnostic criteria\u2014impact of metformin treatment","volume":"20","author":"Nawrocka-Rutkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664616000760?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664616000760?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:38:03Z","timestamp":1760539083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0929664616000760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0929664616000760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6646","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of metformin by employing 2-hour postload insulin for measuring insulin resistance in Taiwanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016, Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}