{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1793710964894,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T09:35:09Z","timestamp":1625736909000},"page":"3-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Radiation-induced swallowing dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer: A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Hsiang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hsuan","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenq-Yuh","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyng-Guey","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000307","article-title":"World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines: dysphagia\u2014global guidelines and cascades update September 2014","volume":"49","author":"Malagelada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-2275-x","article-title":"Dysphagia. Impact on quality of life after radio(chemo)therapy of head and neck cancer","volume":"187","author":"Maurer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0031","article-title":"Head and neck cancers, version 2.2020, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"18","author":"Pfister","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70290-4","article-title":"Parotid-sparing intensity modulated versus conventional radiotherapy in head and neck cancer (PARSPORT): a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Nutting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2019.07.015","article-title":"Long-Term aspects of quality of life in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy: a 5-year longitudinal follow-up and comparison with a normal population cohort","volume":"5","author":"Abel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(03)01191-4","article-title":"Effects of radiation on normal tissue: consequences and mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9710-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of radiation-induced dysphagia in head and neck cancer","volume":"31","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib8","series-title":"Basic radiotherapy physics and biology","first-page":"265","author":"Chang","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00674-X","article-title":"Timescale of evolution of late radiation injury after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients","volume":"48","author":"Johansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.048","article-title":"Dose to larynx predicts for swallowing complications after intensity-modulated radiotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Caglar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.017","article-title":"Dosimetric factors associated with long-term dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"76","author":"Caudell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy522","article-title":"OPTIMA: a phase II dose and volume de-escalation trial for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"30","author":"Seiwert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.04.014","article-title":"Dose and volume de-escalation for human papillomavirus\u2013positive oropharyngeal cancer is associated with favorable posttreatment functional outcomes","volume":"107","author":"Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23796","article-title":"Comparison of swallowing function after intensity-modulated radiation therapy and conventional radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"37","author":"Pauloski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200137","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analyses of intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus conventional two-dimensional and\/or or three-dimensional radiotherapy in curative-intent management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200247","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200247","article-title":"Heavy. charged particle beam therapy and related new radiotherapy technologies: the clinical potential, physics and technical developments required to deliver benefit for patients with cancer","volume":"93","author":"Kirkby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.021","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal patient-reported outcomes of swallowing following intensity modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"148","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.12.017","article-title":"A predictive model for swallowing dysfunction after curative radiotherapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"90","author":"Langendijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.08.009","article-title":"Predictive modelling for swallowing dysfunction after primary (chemo) radiation: results of a prospective observational study","volume":"105","author":"Christianen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9127-y","article-title":"Clinical utility of the 3-ounce water swallow test","volume":"23","author":"Suiter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2490\/jjrm1963.37.375","article-title":"The repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) as a screening test of functional dysphagia","volume":"37","author":"Oguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00060-C","article-title":"Toxicity criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC)","volume":"31","author":"Cox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib23","first-page":"870","article-title":"The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer: the MD Anderson dysphagia inventory","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib24","first-page":"11","article-title":"Reliability and validity and clinical practice of the Chinese version of MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032010000400001","article-title":"Videofluoroscopy: the gold standard exam for studying swallowing and its dysfunction","volume":"47","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02712-8","article-title":"Objective assessment of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration after radiation concurrent with chemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer","volume":"53","author":"Eisbruch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-018-9889-4","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of swallowing with videofluoroscopy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer after chemoradiation","volume":"33","author":"Xinou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10385","article-title":"Swallowing dysfunction after chemoradiation for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"26","author":"Kotz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck: J Sci Special Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-018-1328-9","article-title":"Pattern of dysphagia after swallowing-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of head and neck cancers: results of a mono-institutional prospective study","volume":"194","author":"Ursino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-640","article-title":"How does radiotherapy impact swallowing function in nasopharynx and oropharynx cancer? Short-term results of a prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Ursino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23084","article-title":"Impact of secondary lymphedema after head and neck cancer treatment on symptoms, functional status, and quality of life","volume":"35","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12610","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability and validity of automated impedance manometry analysis and fluoroscopy in dysphagic patients after head and neck cancer radiotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10128-9","article-title":"Pharyngeal swallowing pressures in patients with radiation-associated dysphagia","volume":"36","author":"Schaen-Heacock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01572-0","article-title":"Influence of radiation dose to pharyngeal constrictor muscles on late dysphagia and quality of life in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"196","author":"Mogadas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140543","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140543","article-title":"Dose\u2013volume-related dysphagia after constrictor muscles definition in head and neck cancer intensity-modulated radiation treatment","volume":"87","author":"Mazzola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.01.071","article-title":"Volumetric change of selected organs at risk during IMRT for oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"80","author":"Ricchetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.183176","article-title":"Changes in pharyngeal constrictor volumes during head and neck radiation therapy: implications for dose delivery","volume":"13","author":"Kumarasiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.01.019","article-title":"Beyond mean pharyngeal constrictor dose for beam path toxicity in non-target swallowing muscles: dose\u2013volume correlates of chronic radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD) after oropharyngeal intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume":"118","author":"Dale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.07.009","article-title":"Dysphagia disorders in patients with cancer of the oropharynx are significantly affected by the radiation therapy dose to the superior and middle constrictor muscle: a dose-effect relationship","volume":"85","author":"Levendag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.06.001","article-title":"Late dysphagia after IMRT for head and neck cancer and correlation with dose\u2013volume parameters","volume":"107","author":"Mortensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.09.017","article-title":"Correlation between dose to the pharyngeal constrictors and patient quality of life and late dysphagia following chemo-IMRT for head and neck cancer","volume":"93","author":"Bhide","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.10.002","article-title":"Radiation dose to the floor of mouth muscles predicts swallowing complications following chemoradiation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9618-1","article-title":"The effect of radiation dose on swallowing: evaluation of aspiration and kinematics","volume":"30","author":"Starmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-017-1206-x","article-title":"Radiation-induced acute dysphagia : prospective observational study on 42 head and neck cancer patients","volume":"193","author":"Alterio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.05.050","article-title":"Dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer: which anatomic structures are affected and can they be spared by IMRT?","volume":"60","author":"Eisbruch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815659b0","article-title":"Pretreatment swallowing exercises improve swallow function after chemoradiation","volume":"118","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1954","article-title":"\"Pharyngocise\": randomized controlled trial of preventative exercises to maintain muscle structure and swallowing function during head-and-neck chemoradiotherapy","volume":"83","author":"Carnaby-Mann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400305","article-title":"Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Vissink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25836","article-title":"Prevalence of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Watters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20760","article-title":"Trismus in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: relationship with dose in structures of mastication apparatus","volume":"30","author":"Teguh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.08.001","article-title":"Criteria for trismus in head and neck oncology","volume":"35","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.167638","article-title":"Evaluation of normal range of mouth opening using three finger index: south India perspective study","volume":"26","author":"Agrawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.02.012","article-title":"Randomised feasibility study to compare the use of Therabite\u00ae with wooden spatulas to relieve and prevent trismus in patients with cancer of the head and neck","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2456-4","article-title":"Mouth-opening device as a treatment modality in trismus patients with head and neck cancer and oral submucous fibrosis: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-010-2151-0","article-title":"A randomized prospective study of rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of radiation-induced dysphagia and trismus","volume":"187","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib56","first-page":"9","article-title":"The use of stretching devices for treatment of trismus in head and neck cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"van der Geer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Canc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.954677","article-title":"Early preventive exercises versus usual care does not seem to reduce trismus in patients treated with radiotherapy for cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"H\u00f8gdal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.892211","article-title":"Prophylactic training for the prevention of radiotherapy-induced trismus\u2013a randomised study","volume":"53","author":"Loorents","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.08.024","article-title":"Exercise therapy for cancer therapy\u2013induced trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"151","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200108000-00010","article-title":"A pilot study of pentoxifylline in the treatment of radiation-induced trismus","volume":"24","author":"Chua","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E186","article-title":"Role of pentoxifylline and vitamin E in attenuation of radiation-induced fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Chiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-019-1334-5","article-title":"Pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduce the severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Sayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.12.021","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for radiation-induced facial pain and trismus","volume":"138","author":"Dana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.6647","article-title":"Impact of late treatment-related toxicity on quality of life among patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Langendijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10129","article-title":"Patients with head and neck cancer cured by radiation therapy: a survey of the dry mouth syndrome in long-term survivors","volume":"24","author":"Wijers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S70652","article-title":"Xerostomia induced by radiotherapy: an overview of the physiopathology, clinical evidence, and management of the oral damage","volume":"11","author":"Pinna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Therapeut Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib67","first-page":"E1605","article-title":"Impact of xerostomia on dysphagia after chemotherapy-intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: prospective longitudinal study","volume":"38","author":"Vainshtein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_72_16","article-title":"A study on Evaluation of efficacy of bethanechol in the management of chemoradiation-induced xerostomia in oral cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"Kavitha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.01.019","article-title":"Cevimeline for the treatment of postirradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"68","author":"Chambers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.09.014","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pilocarpine for radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.05.024","article-title":"Open-label, long-term safety study of cevimeline in the treatment of postirradiation xerostomia","volume":"69","author":"Chambers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20961","article-title":"Phase III randomized study: oral pilocarpine versus submandibular salivary gland transfer protocol for the management of radiation-induced xerostomia","volume":"31","author":"Jha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.03.021","article-title":"Does hyperbaric oxygen treatment have the potential to increase salivary flow rate and reduce xerostomia in previously irradiated head and neck cancer patients? A pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Forner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.11.056","article-title":"Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy for reducing radiotherapy side effects: early results of a randomized trial in oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer","volume":"75","author":"Teguh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3694-6","article-title":"Radiation induced oral mucositis: a review of current literature on prevention and management","volume":"273","author":"Mallick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20701","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal sensory deficits and impaired pharyngeal motor function predict aspiration in patients irradiated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"120","author":"Ku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24789","article-title":"Delayed lower cranial neuropathy after oropharyngeal intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a cohort analysis and literature review","volume":"39","author":"Hutcheson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9845-8","article-title":"Relationship between laryngeal sensory deficits, aspiration, and pneumonia in patients with dysphagia","volume":"33","author":"Kaneoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/019459980112400605","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal sensory deficits as a predictor of aspiration","volume":"124","author":"Setzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.019","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary lymphedema in patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"43","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0001","article-title":"A prospective study of the lymphedema and fibrosis continuum in patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ridner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lymphatic Res Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.04.013","article-title":"Factors associated with external and internal lymphedema in patients with head-and-neck cancer","volume":"84","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600801","article-title":"Measuring edema in irradiated head and neck cancer patients","volume":"116","author":"Patterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26484","article-title":"Association between external and internal lymphedema and chronic dysphagia following head and neck cancer treatment","volume":"43","author":"Jeans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283393799","article-title":"Lymphedema management in head and neck cancer","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23255","article-title":"Adherence to preventive exercises and self-reported swallowing outcomes in post-radiation head and neck cancer patients","volume":"35","author":"Shinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2990-x","article-title":"Swallowing interventions for the treatment of dysphagia after head and neck cancer: a systematic review of behavioural strategies used to promote patient adherence to swallowing exercises","volume":"17","author":"Govender","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Canc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib88","article-title":"Dysphagia rehabilitation manual","volume":"30","author":"Akai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rehab Manual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10239","article-title":"Dysphagia: interprofessional management, impact, and patient-centered care","volume":"34","author":"McGinnis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21700","article-title":"Impact of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on malnutrition and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer\u2014a randomized study","volume":"34","author":"Silander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.10.013","article-title":"Comparison of nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy utilizing prophylactic versus reactive nutrition support approaches","volume":"118","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.05.016","article-title":"Impact of the prophylactic gastrostomy for unresectable squamous cell head and neck carcinomas treated with radio-chemotherapy on quality of life: prospective randomized trial","volume":"93","author":"Salas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.036","article-title":"Evaluating the role of prophylactic gastrostomy tube placement prior to definitive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib94","first-page":"45","article-title":"Nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy treatment at a regional oncology unit: a two year study","volume":"6","author":"Lees","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Canc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010501)91:9<1785::AID-CNCR1197>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Enteral nutrition during the treatment of head and neck carcinoma: is a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube preferable to a nasogastric tube?","volume":"91","author":"Mekhail","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2012.702199","article-title":"Nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube use in advanced head and neck cancer patients: a comparative study","volume":"26","author":"Sadasivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050000311","article-title":"Comparison between nasogastric tube feeding and percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy in advanced head and neck cancer patients","volume":"258","author":"Magn\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2008.02003.x","article-title":"Randomized study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients treated with (chemo) radiation","volume":"52","author":"Corry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21044","article-title":"Prospective study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing (chemo) radiation","volume":"31","author":"Corry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.11.022","article-title":"Enteral feeding outcomes after chemoradiotherapy for oropharynx cancer: a role for a prophylactic gastrostomy?","volume":"48","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2010.01047.x","article-title":"Nasogastric tube feeding and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding in patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"23","author":"Nugent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664621003004?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664621003004?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:47:22Z","timestamp":1760539642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0929664621003004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0929664621003004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6646","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiation-induced swallowing dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer: A literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.06.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}