{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:47:26Z","timestamp":1793810846885,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T14:24:15Z","timestamp":1717856655000},"page":"544-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diet and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Ming Jung","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2806-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung Kuan","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Bin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng Tang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puo Hsien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14872","article-title":"The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets west","volume":"35","author":"Wing Yan Mak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz081","article-title":"A 30\u2010year trend analysis in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Songpa\u2010Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea in 1986\u20102015","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12350","article-title":"The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia and Asian immigrants to Western countries","volume":"10","author":"Aniwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib5","first-page":"54","article-title":"Epidemiological trend in inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015: a nationwide populationbased study","volume":"17","author":"Yen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.91","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis","volume":"7 20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-019-00976-1","article-title":"Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: the Asian Working Group guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Sood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066252","article-title":"Comparison and recommendation of dietary patterns based on nutrients for Eastern and Western patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib9","first-page":"50","article-title":"The development of a food-based food frequency questionnaire for Taiwanese adults","volume":"47","author":"Li-Ching Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Sci J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib10","article-title":"PhD. Physical activity guidelines for Americans from the US Department of Health and Human Services. Cardiovascular benefits and recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Katrina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation: Cardiovascul Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051033","article-title":"Implications of the Westernized diet in the onset and progression of IBD","volume":"11","author":"Rizzello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/18-107","article-title":"Westernized diet is the Most ubiquitous environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Chiba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.08.031","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac167","article-title":"Intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional and prospective analysis of 187 154 participants in the UK Biobank","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173627","article-title":"Processed food as a risk factor for the development and Perpetuation of Crohn's disease-the ENIGMA study","volume":"14","author":"Trakman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.05.037","article-title":"Mediterranean-like dietary pattern associations with gut microbiome composition and Subclinical gastrointestinal inflammation","volume":"163","author":"Turpin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000335","article-title":"A study evaluating the bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib18","first-page":"19","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of action of mushroom-derived glucans on inflammatory bowel disease and associated cancer","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020269","article-title":"Vitamin D in inflammatory bowel diseases. Mechanisms of action and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"14","author":"Vernia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1577877","article-title":"Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis involving modulation of Th1\/Th2 and Th17\/Treg balance","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif Cells, Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib21","article-title":"Natural-derived polysaccharides from plants, mushrooms, and Seaweeds for the Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520310306","article-title":"Chaga mushroom extract inhibits oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"31","author":"Najafzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"67\u201376","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib23","article-title":"Polysaccharide of Hericium erinaceus attenuates colitis in C57BL\/6 mice via regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation-related signaling pathways and modulating the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"57","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib24","first-page":"63","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide improves rat DSS-induced colitis by altering cecal microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Nutr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.12.048","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) in TNBS colitis model","volume":"146","author":"De Almeida Aba","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i33.4193","article-title":"Effect of Arctium lappa L. in the dextran sulfate sodium colitis mouse model","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib27","first-page":"663","article-title":"The Pharmacological importance and Chemical Constituents of Arctium lappa. A review","volume":"3","author":"Al-Snafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res Sch"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2050697","article-title":"Comparative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and lignans in roots and seeds among various burdock (Arctium lappa) genotypes with high antioxidant activity","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.024828","article-title":"Influence of dietary factors on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Jowett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.01.046","article-title":"Dietary guidance from the International Organization for the study of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"18","author":"Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.10.010","article-title":"Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"141","author":"Yates","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072234","article-title":"Mediterranean diet to prevent the development of Colon diseases: a Meta-analysis of gut microbiota studies","volume":"13","author":"Illescas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040774","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal inflammation by soybean and soy-derived compounds","volume":"10","author":"Basson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.11.012","article-title":"Soy protein concentrate mitigates markers of colonic inflammation and loss of gut barrier function in vitro and in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Bitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i11.2081","article-title":"Isoflavones and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060361","article-title":"Isoflavones: anti-inflammatory benefit and possible Caveats","volume":"10 8","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01115-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00132","article-title":"Green tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have parallel anti-inflammatory properties in colitis Models","volume":"4","author":"Oz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox2040230","article-title":"Antioxidant and Antiradical activity of coffee","volume":"2","author":"Yashin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib40","first-page":"20245","article-title":"Ascorbic acid ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.017","article-title":"Vitamin E alpha- and gamma-tocopherol mitigate colitis, protect intestinal barrier function and modulate the gut microbiota in mice","volume":"163","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004_bib42","first-page":"129","article-title":"Vitamins A and E serum levels in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease: effect of disease activity","volume":"26","author":"Bousvaros","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664624002808?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0929664624002808?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T02:16:22Z","timestamp":1748571382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0929664624002808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0929664624002808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6646","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diet and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2025, Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}