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Cytological examinations of a fine needle aspirate demonstrated granulomatous inflammation with many non-staining elements consistent with mycobacteria. Diagnosis was confirmed by culture and polymerase chain reaction and Mycobacterium avium subspecies was isolated. Treatment was initiated with marbofloxacin, rifampicin and cefoxitin. There was a rapid clinical improvement. The cat suddenly died 2 months later. The main hypothesis is the administration of an inappropriate combination therapy that leads to the development of mycobacterial resistance. A volvulus and acute peritonitis secondary to the significant enlargement of a mesenteric lymph node were present at necropsy. Histopathological analysis of mesenteric lymph node, liver and spleen revealed multicentric granulomatous and severely necrotic lesions with numerous Ziehl\u2013Neelsen positive intracytoplasmic elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,31]],"date-time":"2010-10-31T04:49:10Z","timestamp":1288500550000},"page":"125-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Disseminated\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    subspecies infection in a cat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Delphine","family":"Rivi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scanelis, 9 all\u00e9e Charles Cros, BP 70006, 31770 Colomiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Pingret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scanelis, 9 all\u00e9e Charles Cros, BP 70006, 31770 Colomiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Etievant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scanelis, 9 all\u00e9e Charles Cros, BP 70006, 31770 Colomiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Jechoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Rivi\u00e8re, 1 rue Pierre Loti, 31870 Plaisance du Touch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Lanore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Rivi\u00e8re, 1 rue Pierre Loti, 31870 Plaisance du Touch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Raymond-Letron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Boucraut-Baralon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scanelis, 9 all\u00e9e Charles Cros, BP 70006, 31770 Colomiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.jfms.2010.09.002","unstructured":"Euz\u00e9by J.P. 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