{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:34:02Z","timestamp":1793025242101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Protection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:08:28Z","timestamp":1792228108000},"page":"100941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salmonellosis Outbreaks Associated with Pork, United States, 2012\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Zlotnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Francois Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret G.","family":"Birhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son T.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Folster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Leeper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misha","family":"Robyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0010","unstructured":"Allen, G. (2015). Why Miami cubans roast christmas pigs in a \u201cChina Box\u201d. National Public Radio. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2015\/12\/24\/459976586\/why-miami-cubans-roast-christmas-pigs-in-a-chinese-box. Accessed January 20, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0015","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases (2021). \u201cSalmonella Infections.\u201d In Red Book: 2021\u20132024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd ed. edited by David W. Kimberlin et al. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0020","unstructured":"American Association of Swine Veterinarians (2023). Basic guidelines of judicious therapeutic use of antimicrobials in swine. https:\/\/www.aasv.org\/position-statements\/position-judicious-use-antimicrobials\/. Accessed on January 20, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-013120-043304","article-title":"Salmonella in Swine: Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and vaccination strategies","volume":"10","author":"Bearson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002867","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella that caused foodborne disease outbreaks: United States, 2003-2012","volume":"145","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2023.100071","article-title":"Salmonella outbreaks linked to beef, United States, 2012-2019","volume":"86","author":"Canning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0005","unstructured":"9 C.F.R. \u00a7 430.1 (2025). https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-9\/chapter-III\/subchapter-E\/part-430\/section-430.1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0045","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2025). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 35th ed. CLSI Supplemental M100. Wayne, PA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0050","unstructured":"Conference for Food Protection, Safe Handling and Cooking of Roaster Pigs Committee (2021). Whole roaster pigs: Guidance for the safe handling and cooking. Retrieved January 22, 2026 from: https:\/\/cfpmemberportal.foodprotect.org\/Guides-and-Documents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0060","unstructured":"Fort, A. (2024). The pig roast: A feast to remember. WGBH. https:\/\/www.wgbh.org\/lifestyle\/food\/food-stories\/2018-09-21\/the-pig-roast-a-feast-to-remember. Accessed January 20, 2026."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad631","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections by isolate resistance\u2014Foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 10 US Sites, 2004\u20132018","volume":"78","author":"Francois Watkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0070","unstructured":"Gacek, P., Phan, Q., Massad, C., Applewhite, C., & Costa, C. (2016). Investigation of Salmonellosis among attendees of a pig roast, Connecticut, 2016. Connecticut Epidemiologist 36 https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/-\/media\/departments-and-agencies\/dph\/dph\/infectious_diseases\/ctepinews\/vol36no5pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0075","unstructured":"Garcia, J. (2021). Be sure to invite food safety to your next pig roast. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/about-usda\/news\/blog\/be-sure-invite-food-safety-your-next-pig-roast. Accessed January 22, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0080","unstructured":"Gateway, P.I. (2012). Maintaining the pork industry tradition of responsible animal care through applying scientifically sound animal care guidelines (Factsheet PIG 05-02-01). U. S. Pork Center of Excellence. Retrieved 2025 from: https:\/\/porkgateway.org\/resource\/maintaining-the-pork-industry-tradition-of-responsible-animal-care-through-applying-scientifically-sound-animal-care-guidelines\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0085","unstructured":"Hawaii Aloha Travel. \u201cKalua Pig \u2013 A Hawaii Tradition.\u201d Hawaii-Aloha.com. https:\/\/www.hawaii-aloha.com\/blog\/kalua-pig-is-hawaii-custom\/. Accessed January 20, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.11.010","article-title":"Prevalence and time trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory bacterial pathogens collected from diseased pigs in USA between 2006-2016","volume":"128","author":"Hayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0095","unstructured":"Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (2024). Foodborne illness source attribution estimates for Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157, and Listeria monocytogenes \u2013 United States, 2023. GA and D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ifsac\/php\/data-research\/annual-report-2023.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0100","unstructured":"Khoury-Hanold, L. Pulled Pork. Warner Bros. Discovery Inc. Retrieved Sept. 2, 2025 from https:\/\/www.foodnetwork.com\/recipes\/ree-drummond\/pulled-pork."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1254777","article-title":"Evaluation of whole and core genome multilocus sequence typing allele schemes for Salmonella enterica outbreak detection in a national surveillance network, PulseNet USA","volume":"14","author":"Leeper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01030-16","article-title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella","volume":"60","author":"McDermott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0115","unstructured":"National Pork Board (n.d.) \u201cAntibiotics in Pork Production.\u201d https:\/\/www.porkcheckoff.org\/pork-production-management\/swine-health\/antibiotics\/. Accessed April 24, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0120","unstructured":"National Pork Producers Council (n.d.) \u201cAntimicrobials.\u201d https:\/\/nppc.org\/antimicrobials\/. Accessed April 24, 2026."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-50.11.945","article-title":"Foodborne illness associated with a pig roast","volume":"50","author":"Novotny","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.11.2676","article-title":"Approaches for reducing Salmonella in pork production","volume":"70","author":"Ojha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0135","series-title":"Antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine","first-page":"685","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy in swine","author":"Pedersen","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2902.220950","article-title":"Increased multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica I serotype 4,[5],12:i:- infections associated with pork, United States, 2009-2018","volume":"29","author":"Plumb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0145","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Disaggregating data to measure racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes and guide community response - Hawaii, March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Quint","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2324","article-title":"An updated scheme for categorizing foods implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks: A tri-agency collaboration","volume":"14","author":"Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0155","first-page":"669","article-title":"Foodborne Illness acquired in the United States\u2014Major Pathogens, 2019","volume":"31","author":"Scallan Walter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002114","article-title":"Outbreaks attributed to pork in the United States, 1998-2015","volume":"145","author":"Self","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix669","article-title":"2017 infectious diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea","volume":"65","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307498","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disaggregation of tuberculosis incidence and risk factors among American Indian and Alaska native persons-United States, 2001-2020","volume":"114","author":"Springer","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404434","article-title":"Pork implicated in a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in Ontario, Canada","volume":"103","author":"Trotz-Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0185","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, National Animal Health Monitoring System (2019). Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship on U.S. Swine Operations, 2017. https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/amu-swine.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0190","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2025). U. S. Swine Health Improvement Plan. Last modified November 17, 2025. https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/livestock-poultry-disease\/swine\/us-ship. Accessed January 22, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0195","unstructured":"[dataset] U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, regions, states, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 (NST-EST2019-01). Population Estimates Program, 2019. https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/popest\/tables\/2010-2019\/state\/totals\/nst-est2019-01.xlsx."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0200","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau (2021). American community survey 5-year estimates, table DP05: Demographic and housing estimates. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/ACSDP5Y2021.DP05. Accessed January 22, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0205","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a). National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS): Human Isolates Final Report, 2015 [Report]. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/152381."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0210","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b). National enteric disease surveillance: Salmonella annual report, 2016. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/58450."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0230","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024a). Antibiotics tested by NARMS. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/narms\/about\/antibiotics-tested.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/narms\/antibiotics-tested.html. Accessed January 9, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0235","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024b). BEAM (Bacteria, Enterics, Ameba, and Mycotics) Dashboard. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncezid\/dfwed\/BEAM-dashboard.html. Accessed January 9, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0240","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024c). Foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nors\/about\/fdoss.html. Accessed January 9, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0215","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2025a). National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) Now: Human data. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/narms\/data\/index.html. Accessed January 13, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0220","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2025b). SEDRIC: System for enteric disease response, investigation, and coordination. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodborne-outbreaks\/php\/tools\/sedric.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodborne-outbreaks\/php\/foodsafety\/tools\/?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodsafety\/outbreaks\/tools\/sedric.html. Accessed January 9, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0245","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Aministration (2020). 2019 summary report on antimicrobials sold or distributed for use in food-producing animals. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/144427\/download. Accessed on January 13, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0250","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administation (2024). 2023 summary report on antimicrobials sold or distributed for use in food-producing animals. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/antimicrobial-resistance\/2023-summary-report-antimicrobials-sold-or-distributed-use-food-producing-animals. Accessed on January 13, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0255","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2025). Biomass-adjusted antimicrobial sales and distribution data in food-producing animals: Interactive summary. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/antimicrobial-resistance\/biomass-adjusted-antimicrobial-sales-and-distribution-data-food-producing-animals-interactive. Accessed on April 24, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0260","unstructured":"U.S Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (2025a). \u201cBranding & Toolkits.\u201d Lasy updated May 15, 2025. https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/news-events\/branding-toolkits. Accessed January 22, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0265","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (2025b). Ground beef and food safety. https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/food-safety\/safe-food-handling-and-preparation\/meat\/ground-beef-and-food-safety. Accessed January 20, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941_b0270","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (2025c). \u201cMeat, poultry, and egg product inspection directory.\u201d https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/inspection\/establishments\/meat-poultry-and-egg-product-inspection-directory. Accessed January 13, 2026."}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Protection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0362028X26002462?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0362028X26002462?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:50:22Z","timestamp":1793022622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0362028X26002462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0362028X26002462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-028X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-028X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Salmonellosis Outbreaks Associated with Pork, United States, 2012\u20132021","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Food Protection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100941","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Association for Food Protection.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100941"}}