{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:14:27Z","timestamp":1785928467113,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jgaronline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T18:46:31Z","timestamp":1500489991000},"page":"238-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Distribution of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Bulgarian clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes during the years of 2013\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Adile A.","family":"Muhtarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raina T.","family":"Gergova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan G.","family":"Mitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12531","article-title":"Microreview. Streptococcal toxins: role in pathogenesis and disease","volume":"17","author":"Barnett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0015","series-title":"Therapy in pediatric dermatology","first-page":"203","article-title":"Infectious diseases: bacterial infections","author":"Kiran","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0020","series-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes: basic biology to clinical manifestations [Internet]","article-title":"Global disease burden of group A Streptococcus","author":"Sanyahumbi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-42-5","article-title":"The epidemiology, antibiotic resistance and post-discharge course of peritonsillar abscesses in London, Ontario","volume":"42","author":"Sowerby","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120049","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug use and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes, Belgium","volume":"18","author":"Van Heirstraeten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1023292","article-title":"Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes: prevalence and treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Silva-Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1752-1755.2003","article-title":"Influences of linezolid, penicillin, and clindamycin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a release","volume":"47","author":"Coyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00539-06","article-title":"Growth phase-dependent effect of clindamycin on production of exoproteins by Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"51","author":"Sawai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3559-3562.2004","article-title":"Emergence of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in French children","volume":"48","author":"Bingen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013169","article-title":"Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci in schoolchildren in Pittsburgh","volume":"346","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1086\/324626","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Leclercq","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1817","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system","volume":"40","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-215","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline in Spain (1994\u20132006)","volume":"12","author":"Rubio-L\u00f3pez","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.5.605","article-title":"High prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin\/miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a Spanish multicentre study in 1998","volume":"45","author":"Alos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.289","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes collected in Torino (Northwest Italy) between 1983 and 1998: survey of macrolide resistance and trend of genotype by RAPD","volume":"6","author":"Avanzini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00598.x","article-title":"Activity of telithromycin compared with seven other agentsagainst 1039 Streptococcus pyogenes pediatric isolates from ten centers in central and eastern Europe","volume":"9","author":"Bozdogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.12.018","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes in Central, Eastern, and Baltic European Countries, 2005 to 2006: the cefditoren surveillance program","volume":"64","author":"Gracia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1401093G","article-title":"Distribution of macrolide resistant genes among isolates of macrolide resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Serbia","volume":"66","author":"Gaji\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.05.011","article-title":"Molecular characterization of macrolide resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from pharyngitis patients in Serbia","volume":"33","author":"Opavski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.150116","article-title":"Microbiological features of the upper respiratory tract infections in Bulgarian children for the period 1998\u20132014\u2014our University\u2019s experiences","volume":"33","author":"Gergova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.18.21117","article-title":"Clindamycin resistant emm33 Streptococcus pyogenes emerged among invasive infections in Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, 2012 to 2013","volume":"20","author":"Pesola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2016.36.1.9","article-title":"Epidemiological study of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from Korea and Japan by emm genotyping and multilocus sequence typing","volume":"36","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137313","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Germany during 2003\u20132013","volume":"10","author":"Im\u00f6hl","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku039","article-title":"What causes decreased erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes? Dynamics of four clones in a southern European region from 2005 to 2012","volume":"69","author":"Montes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv182","article-title":"Declining macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Portugal (2007\u201313) was accompanied by continuous clonal changes","volume":"70","author":"Silva-Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3831-3834.2002","article-title":"Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal isolates recovered in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001","volume":"40","author":"Detcheva","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0140","series-title":"Clinical breakpoint tables\u2013bacteria; version 7.0","author":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4798-4800.2005","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of macrolide and tetracycline resistance determinants in streptococci","volume":"49","author":"Malhotra-Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.546-549.2002","volume":"46","author":"Nagai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki049","article-title":"Prophage association of mef(A) elements encoding efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"55","author":"Giovanetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.11.005","article-title":"Phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections from Mexico and the USA during 1999\u20132010","volume":"16","author":"Villase\u00f1or-Sierra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02032.x","article-title":"Prevalence of emm types 1 and 12 from invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Greece-results of enhanced surveillance","volume":"14","author":"Stathi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000146","article-title":"Evolution of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes over 14 years in an area of central Italy","volume":"64","author":"Olivieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl101","article-title":"Multicentre surveillance of the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of macrolide resistance among pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci in the USA","volume":"57","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0021","article-title":"Macrolide and tetracycline resistance and emm type distribution of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates recovered from Turkish patient","volume":"16","author":"Dundar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.01.019","article-title":"mef(A) is the predominant macrolide resistance determinant in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes in Germany","volume":"37","author":"Bley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Agents"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716517301182?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716517301182?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T21:22:24Z","timestamp":1569878544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716517301182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S2213716517301182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distribution of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Bulgarian clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes during the years of 2013\u20132016","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}