{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:35:21Z","timestamp":1792002921645,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T20:01:41Z","timestamp":1595707301000},"page":"26-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High Burden of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Device-associated Healthcare Infections in a Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia, 2008-2016"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hanan H.","family":"Balkhy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"El-Saed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid M.","family":"Alshamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Alsaedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafa Al","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman El","family":"Gammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera M.","family":"Aljohany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassen","family":"Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry Baffoe","family":"Bonnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad A.","family":"Almohrij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0005","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC): Point prevalence survey of healthcareassociated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals 2011\u20132012. URL: https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/healthcare-associated-infections-antimicrobial-use-PPS.pdf (Last accesed Januray 10, 2018). 2013."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801","article-title":"Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care\u2013Associated infections","volume":"370","author":"Magill","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.05.029","article-title":"International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module","volume":"42","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763","article-title":"Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system","volume":"173","author":"Zimlichman","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V41N5p189","article-title":"The excess financial burden of multidrug resistance in severe gram-negative infections in Singaporean hospitals","volume":"41","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154092","article-title":"Characterization and clinical impact of bloodstream infection caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in seven latin american countries","volume":"11","author":"Villegas","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1086\/657912","article-title":"Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs","volume":"32","author":"Umscheid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0040","unstructured":"The Joint Commission: National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 2019. Hospital Accreditation Program. URL: https:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/assets\/1\/6\/NPSG_Chapter_HAP_Jan2019.pdf (Last accessed May 1, 2019). 2019."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.9.16139","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. An urgent call for an immediate action","volume":"37","author":"Zowawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1179\/1973947814Y.0000000185","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative pathogens in Saudi Arabia","volume":"26","author":"Yezli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1179\/1973947812Y.0000000010","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens in Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Yezli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0060","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Geneva, Switzerland. URL: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/193736\/1\/9789241509763_eng.pdf?ua=1 (Last accessed January 24, 2016) 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.03.003","article-title":"The strategic plan for combating antimicrobial resistance in Gulf Cooperation Council States","volume":"9","author":"Balkhy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11411116","article-title":"National healthcare safety network (NHSN) Dialysis event surveillance report for 2014","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.174","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centers for disease control and prevention, 2011\u20132014","volume":"37","author":"Weiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/668770","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centers for disease control and prevention, 2009\u20132010","volume":"34","author":"Sievert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.08.014","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity among gram-positive and gram-negative organisms collected from the Asia-Pacific region as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial: comparison of 2015 results with previous years","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0222-0","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility among Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms collected from the Latin American region between 2004 and 2015 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial","volume":"16","author":"Vega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.04.212","article-title":"National surveillance of health care-associated infections in Egypt: developing a sustainable program in a resource-limited country","volume":"44","author":"Talaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.01.042","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in critical care units in 3 Arabian Gulf countries: a 6-year surveillance study","volume":"44","author":"El-Saed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.06.030","article-title":"Rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in tertiary care hospitals in 3 Arabian Gulf countries: A 6-year surveillance study","volume":"44","author":"Al Nasser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.01.027","article-title":"Rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection in tertiary care hospitals in 3 Arabian gulf countries: 6-year surveillance study","volume":"45","author":"Balkhy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.00919.x","article-title":"Higher access-associated bacteremia but less hospitalization among Saudi compared with US hemodialysis outpatients","volume":"24","author":"El-Saed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care\u2013associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0125","series-title":"Division of healthcare quality promotion","author":"National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN): CDC\/NHSN Surveillance Definitions for Specific Types of Infections","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0130","series-title":"Patient safety component protocol. Division of healthcare quality promotion","author":"National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN): NHSN Manual","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0135","article-title":"Surveillance of nosocomial infections at a Saudi Arabian military hospital for a one-year period","volume":"3","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/cai.cai_11_17","article-title":"An epidemiological study of health-care-associated infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in the Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Acquir Infect"},{"issue":"9761","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","article-title":"Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Allegranzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological and microbiological profile of nosocomial infection in Taif hospitals, KSA (2010-2011)","volume":"7","author":"Sabra","year":"2012","journal-title":"World journal of medical sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.10.22944","article-title":"High antimicrobial resistant rates among Gram-negative pathogens in intensive care units. A retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital in Southwest Saudi Arabia","volume":"39","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02784-14","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: dominance of OXA-23-type producers","volume":"53","author":"Zowawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000730","article-title":"Identification of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected hospitals of the Gulf Cooperation Council States: dominance of high-risk clones in the region","author":"Zowawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0451-9","article-title":"Antimicrobial consumption in five adult intensive care units: a 33-month surveillance study","volume":"7","author":"Balkhy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0441-y","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility among gram-positive and gram-negative blood-borne pathogens collected between 2012-2016 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0422-1","article-title":"Healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units in Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan: recent trends based on national surveillance reports","volume":"7","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0185","article-title":"Overview of prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, resistance, and virulence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Saudi Arabia","author":"Abdallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2249","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus metrics for patients in Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","author":"Nazeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-47","article-title":"The rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit","volume":"1","author":"Brusselaers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716520301880?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716520301880?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:55:19Z","timestamp":1761990919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716520301880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2213716520301880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High Burden of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Device-associated Healthcare Infections in a Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia, 2008-2016","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}