{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:06:42Z","timestamp":1789654002311,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr TMA Pai Endowment Chair on Antimicrobial Stewardship, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T10:53:23Z","timestamp":1603536803000},"page":"315-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identifying opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship through a point prevalence survey in an Indian tertiary-care teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zabiuddin Ahad","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiranjay","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muralidhar","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Kalwaje Eshwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0005","series-title":"Combating antimicrobial resistance in India","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0010","series-title":"Stemming the superbug tide: just a few dollars more","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0015","article-title":"The cost of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"17","author":"Hofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0020","unstructured":"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. National action plan on antimicrobial resistance. https:\/\/ncdc.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/linkimages\/AMR\/File645.pdf [accessed 27 June 2020]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.07.001","article-title":"A multicenter point-prevalence survey of antibiotic use in 13 Chinese hospitals","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0030","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vital signs: improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients","volume":"63","author":"Fridkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1767593","article-title":"Point prevalence surveys of antimicrobial use: a systematic review and the implications","volume":"18","author":"Saleem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.03.013","article-title":"Inappropriate antimicrobial use in Turkish pediatric hospitals: a multicenter point prevalence survey","volume":"14","author":"Ceyhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq309","article-title":"European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption (ESAC) point prevalence survey 2008: paediatric antimicrobial prescribing in 32 hospitals of 21 European countries","volume":"65","author":"Amadeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0050","article-title":"Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use among adult inpatients in Singapore acute-care hospitals: results from the first national point prevalence survey","volume":"64","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0055","series-title":"Securing new drugs for future generations: the pipeline of antibiotics","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0060","article-title":"Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients","volume":"2","author":"Davey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx492","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic stewardship programmes in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e619","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30186-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in adult hospital inpatients in 53 countries: results of an internet-based global point prevalence survey","volume":"6","author":"Versporten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","article-title":"Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America and the society for healthcare epidemiology of America","volume":"62","author":"Barlam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.11.025","article-title":"Status of antimicrobial stewardship programs in Nigerian tertiary healthcare facilities: findings and implications","volume":"17","author":"Fadare","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2019.1622293","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and perception among physicians and pharmacists at leading tertiary teaching hospitals in Zambia: implications for future policy and practice","volume":"31","author":"Kalungia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy844","article-title":"The differences in antibiotic decision-making between acute surgical and acute medical teams: an ethnographic study of culture and team dynamics","volume":"69","author":"Charani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics6030019","article-title":"Point prevalence surveys of antimicrobial use among hospitalized children in six hospitals in India in 2016","volume":"6","author":"Gandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0100","series-title":"National treatment guidelines for antimicrobial use in infectious diseases. Version 1.0","author":"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0105","series-title":"The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0110","series-title":"Treatment guidelines for antimicrobial use in common syndromes","author":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147544","article-title":"Burden of hospital acquired infections and antimicrobial use in Vietnamese adult intensive care units","volume":"11","author":"Phu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20316","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.46.20316-en","article-title":"The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use","volume":"17","author":"Zarb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt292","article-title":"Antibiotic usage in German hospitals: results of the second national prevalence study","volume":"68","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_18_68","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing patterns at a leading referral hospital in Kenya: a point prevalence survey","volume":"8","author":"Momanyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa001","article-title":"Antimicrobial point prevalence surveys in two Ghanaian hospitals: opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"2","author":"Afriyie","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1581063","article-title":"A multicenter point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in Punjab, Pakistan: findings and implications","volume":"17","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.8.972","article-title":"Unnecessary use of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients: current patterns of misuse with an emphasis on the antianaerobic spectrum of activity","volume":"163","author":"Hecker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1629288","article-title":"Point prevalence study of antimicrobial use among hospitals across Botswana; findings and implications","volume":"17","author":"Anand Paramadhas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00066-16","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: how the microbiology laboratory can right the ship","volume":"30","author":"Morency-Potvin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0160","series-title":"Diagnostic stewardship: a guide to implementation in antimicrobial resistance surveillance sites","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0165","first-page":"277","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola","year":"2015","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1158","article-title":"Antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies: a situation analysis for Viet Nam","volume":"13","author":"Van Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716520302599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716520302599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:58:03Z","timestamp":1761991083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716520302599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S2213716520302599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identifying opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship through a point prevalence survey in an Indian tertiary-care teaching hospital","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}