{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:10:18Z","timestamp":1789427418399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T01:28:13Z","timestamp":1636853293000},"page":"420-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Levofloxacin-based therapy as an efficient alternative for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Masoud","family":"Keikha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Ghazvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Karbalaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.08.011","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases; is there an association with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune atrophy gastritis and autoimmune pancreatitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis study","volume":"54","author":"Youssefi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2017.84","article-title":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Iran: a review","volume":"10","author":"Fakheri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1496017","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori drug resistance: therapy changes and challenges","volume":"12","author":"Flores-Trevi\u00f1o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0004","first-page":"135","article-title":"H. pylori infection: ACG updates treatment recommendations","volume":"97","author":"Randel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00857.x","article-title":"Twice-a-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial of 10 and 14 days","volume":"16","author":"Dore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1138","article-title":"New concepts of resistance in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections","volume":"5","author":"Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.040","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori update: gastric cancer, reliable therapy, and possible benefits","volume":"148","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01276.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori \u2018rescue\u2019 regimen when proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies fail","volume":"16","author":"Gisbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03183.x","article-title":"Systematic review: Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer","volume":"25","author":"Fuccio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/740381","article-title":"Impact of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on anti-Helicobacter pylori levofloxacin-based second-line therapy","volume":"2012","author":"Ojetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0088","article-title":"An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Iran (2010\u20132020)","volume":"26","author":"Khademi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.08.013","article-title":"Clarithromycin-based therapy of Helicobacter pylori in Iran","volume":"11","author":"Abadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.021","article-title":"Characterization of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Khademi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.03.005","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori therapy and clinical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Talebi Bezmin Abadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02737.x","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: levofloxacin-based rescue regimens after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure","volume":"23","author":"Gisbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0017","series-title":"Comparison of levofloxacin versus clarithromycin efficacy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori","author":"Safarnezhad","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0018","first-page":"237","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication with levofloxacin or clarithromycin in dialysis versus nonuremic patients","volume":"11","author":"Alirezaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of standard triple therapy regimen with sequential therapy regimen containing levofloxacin used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastrointestinal infection caused by Helicobacter pylori","volume":"99","author":"Hafizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0020","first-page":"19","article-title":"Levofloxacin based vs clarithromycin based sequential therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication; a randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Moradniani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_133_17","article-title":"Levofloxacin-containing versus clarithromycin-containing therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Sebghatollahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2018.117","article-title":"Comparison of levofloxacin-based, 10-day sequential therapy with 14-day quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Hajiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-containing triple therapies for first line Helicobacter pylori eradication in Mazandran Province","volume":"29","author":"Fakheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0024","first-page":"211","article-title":"Levofloxacin-containing triple therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy as regimens for second line anti-Helicobacter pylori","volume":"10","author":"Seyyedmajidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0916-z","article-title":"Comparison between daily single-dose triple therapy and conventional triple therapy on patient compliance and Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0026","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of levofloxacin replacement with clarithromycin in standard triple therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with this infection referred to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas in 1398","author":"Mohammad-Alipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences;"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_719_19","article-title":"A comparative study of the effect of 10-day esomeprazole containing levofloxacin versus clarithromycin sequential regimens on the treatment of Iranian patients with Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"52","author":"Mokhtare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0028","first-page":"179","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of levofloxacin-based three-drug regimen with clarithromycin-based four-drug regimen in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Birjand","volume":"28","author":"Abasnia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Birjand Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_19_86","article-title":"The comparison of levofloxacin- and clarithromycin-based bismuth quadruple therapy regimens in Helicobacter pylori eradication","volume":"9","author":"Arj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2020.100816","article-title":"Potential association between the hopQ alleles of Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Karbalaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meta Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansour-Ghanaei F, Masihypour B, Fathalipour M, Hassanipour S, Sokhanvar H, Mansour-Ghanaei A, et\u00a0al. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of levofloxacin quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Research Square 2021 Jul 12. doi: 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-53307\/v2.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-53307\/v2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0032","first-page":"94","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of four different protocols for eradicating of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran","volume":"10","author":"Masjedizadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prz Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i28.4553","article-title":"Azithromycin in one week quadruple therapy for H pylori eradication in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Mousavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0034","first-page":"395","article-title":"Comparison of ciprofloxacin-based triple therapy with conventional triple regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children","volume":"54","author":"Farahmand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0035","first-page":"134","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial; comparing levofloxacin based sequential and clarithromycin based sequential versus triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication","volume":"22","author":"Moradniani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0036","first-page":"267","article-title":"Comparison of levofloxacin versus clarithromycin efficacy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"7","author":"Haji-Aghamohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0037","first-page":"158","article-title":"Role of fluoroquinolones in two-weeks triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian population","volume":"2","author":"Zojaji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2016.07","article-title":"Effects of clarithromycin-containing quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication after nitroimidazole-containing quadruple therapy failure","volume":"8","author":"Fakheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0039","first-page":"303","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing four Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens: standard triple therapy, ciprofloxacin based triple therapy, quadruple and sequential therapy","volume":"31","author":"Aminian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.15419\/bmrat.v4i11.384","article-title":"Levofloxacin-based sequential therapy versus classic triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Sherkatolabbasieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedical Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0374-z","article-title":"Efficacy of a new therapeutic regimen versus two routinely prescribed treatments for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a randomized, double-blind study of doxycycline, co-amoxiclav, and omeprazole in Iranian patients","volume":"54","author":"Taghavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0042","first-page":"261","article-title":"The efficacy of levofloxacin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication after failure with clarithromycin-containing regimens","volume":"22","author":"Fakheri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21460","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28870","article-title":"Potential antigen candidates for subunit vaccine development against Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"234","author":"Keikha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022","article-title":"Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Hooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0045","article-title":"Predicting the role of dupA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in severe gastrointestinal disorders: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Karbalaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21770","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28925","article-title":"Epigenetic changes in gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter pylori","volume":"234","author":"Yousefi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0047","first-page":"2","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in Iran: a systematic review on the antibiotic resistance","volume":"18","author":"Khademi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i15.1820","article-title":"Chemoprevention of gastric cancer development after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in an East Asian population: meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868040-00011","article-title":"Levofloxacin: a review of its use as a high-dose, short-course treatment for bacterial infection","volume":"68","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00458-6","article-title":"A 10-day levofloxacin-based therapy in patients with resistant Helicobacter pylori infection: a controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Bilardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085620","article-title":"Levofloxacin-based first-line therapy versus standard first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Peedikayil","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.887765","article-title":"Is levofloxacin-based triple therapy an alternative for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.007","article-title":"Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: a systematic review and meta-analysis in World Health Organization regions","volume":"155","author":"Savoldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12840","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12840","article-title":"Tetracycline\u2013levofloxacin versus amoxicillin\u2013levofloxacin quadruple therapies in the second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"26","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.0233","article-title":"Influence of vitamin C and E supplementation on the eradication rates of triple and quadruple eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"26","author":"Demirci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01764-y","article-title":"Correlation between the geographical origin of Helicobacter pylori homB-positive strains and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Keikha","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00637.x","article-title":"Levofloxacin-based triple therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy for persistent Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Saad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12714","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12714","article-title":"The effect of antibiotic resistance on Helicobacter pylori eradication efficacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12178","article-title":"Clinical management of Helicobacter pylori infection in China","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12730","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12730","article-title":"The increasing antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Sholeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4877-9","article-title":"E-test versus agar dilution for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori: a comparison study","volume":"13","author":"Miftahussurur","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13712","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy as the first- or second-line treatments of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1342","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide-based regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1159\/000007200","article-title":"Nitazoxanide, a nitrothiazolide antiparasitic drug, is an anti-Helicobacter pylori agent with anti-vacuolating toxin activity","volume":"45","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1708454","article-title":"Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with nitazoxanide-containing regimens: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1086\/383320","article-title":"Relationship between fluoroquinolone area under the curve:minimum inhibitory concentration ratio and the probability of eradication of the infecting pathogen, in patients with nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"189","author":"Drusano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1056-3","article-title":"Cefuroxime, levofloxacin, esomeprazole, and bismuth as first-line therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients allergic to penicillin","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.306","article-title":"A randomized study comparing levofloxacin, omeprazole, nitazoxanide, and doxycycline versus triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"106","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100723","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori primary and secondary genotypic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin detection in stools: a 4-year scenario in Southern Italy","volume":"9","author":"Losurdo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010013","article-title":"European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management: effectiveness of first and second-line treatment in Spain","volume":"10","author":"Caldas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091061","article-title":"The emergence of multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Southeast Asia: a systematic review on the trends and intervention strategies using antimicrobial peptides","volume":"10","author":"Sukri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0072","first-page":"593","article-title":"Comparison between levofloxacin based therapy and clarithromycin based therapy through 14 days period for H-pylori eradication","volume":"11","author":"Alsaadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sys Rev Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0073","first-page":"2722","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitor and levofloxacin based first-line triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a meta-analysis [in Chinese]","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-010-1404-3","article-title":"Advantages of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin-based triple therapy for second-line treatments of persistent Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta analysis","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i40.5669","article-title":"Levofloxacin\/amoxicillin-based schemes vs quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in second-line","volume":"18","author":"Di Caro","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.8.1001","article-title":"Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h4052","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4052","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and tolerance of treatments for Helicobacter pylori: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"351","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0491-7","article-title":"Pharmacological regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Xin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30219-4","article-title":"Primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0080","first-page":"368","article-title":"Levofloxacin-based triple therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori as the rescue therapy: a meta analysis","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12493","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12493","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Portugal: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lopo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0082","first-page":"24","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori resistance in the Russian Federation: a meta-analysis of studies over the past 10 years","volume":"92","author":"Andreev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.011","article-title":"Reconciliation of recent Helicobacter pylori treatment guidelines in a time of increasing resistance to antibiotics","volume":"157","author":"Fallone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11432492","article-title":"The challenge of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics: the comeback of bismuth-based quadruple therapy","volume":"5","author":"M\u00e9graud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2008.00344.x","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Asia","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp034","article-title":"Efficacy of levofloxacin-based rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection after standard triple therapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2010.00774.x","article-title":"Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2010","volume":"15","author":"O'Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160007","article-title":"Surveillance of levofloxacin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Bogot\u00e1-Colombia (2009\u20132014)","volume":"11","author":"Trespalacios-Rang\u00e9l","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05982.x","article-title":"Second Asia\u2013Pacific consensus guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"24","author":"Fock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2021.101340","article-title":"The CYP2C19 polymorphisms effects on H. pylori cure rate in proton pump inhibitor-based therapeutic regimens: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ghazvini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.142256","article-title":"Emerging antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori in central Gujarat","volume":"32","author":"Pandya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7713","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Bangladesh: emerging levofloxacin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Aftab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl18137","article-title":"Management of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection: perspectives from Vietnam","volume":"13","author":"Van Khien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0094","article-title":"Levofloxacin replacing amoxicillin or clarithromycin in standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Practical Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2831","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002831","article-title":"The association of age and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori: a study in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"95","author":"Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i18.5283","article-title":"Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: current status and future concepts","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12052","article-title":"Effect of fluoroquinolone resistance on 14-day levofloxacin triple and triple plus bismuth quadruple therapy","volume":"18","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Helicobacter"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716521002460?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716521002460?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T10:01:28Z","timestamp":1761991288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716521002460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S2213716521002460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Levofloxacin-based therapy as an efficient alternative for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}