{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:53:21Z","timestamp":1784307201339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004160","name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T02:09:29Z","timestamp":1653703769000},"page":"474-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci colonization in a referral neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective study in northern Iran"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roya","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Jafar","family":"Saffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Tarighat","family":"Monfared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laleh Vahedi","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeid Abedian","family":"Kenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid Yazdani","family":"Charati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.05.003","article-title":"Low prevalence of combined linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from hospital admission screening in an endemic region in Germany","volume":"22","author":"Heininger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-107","article-title":"Enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: associated predictors, risk factors and seasonal patterns","volume":"7","author":"Hufnagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0003","first-page":"e16970","article-title":"Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization, and susceptibility to linezolid in pediatric intensive care units of a referral pediatric center in Tehran, Iran","volume":"22","author":"Nateghian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.02.005","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit: epidemiology, molecular analysis and risk factors","volume":"41","author":"Iosifidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1342-1","article-title":"Dissemination and genetic analysis of the stealthy vanB gene clusters of Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5921840","article-title":"Detection of virulence genes in multidrug resistant enterococci isolated from feedlots dairy and beef cattle: implications for human health and food safety","volume":"2019","author":"Tatsing Foka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.055","article-title":"A preoperative stay in an intensive care unit is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection in neonates","volume":"48","author":"Lejus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J of Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02866-12","article-title":"Pseudo-outbreak of vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus (VRE) colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit using spectra VRE surveillance medium","volume":"51","author":"Gander","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0009","first-page":"3478","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit: who will be infected?","volume":"29","author":"Akturk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-04952-5","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of bloodstream infection due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci in cancer patients in a vanB endemic setting","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2015-0196","article-title":"Rising vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections in hospitalized children in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.008","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonisation, risk factors and risk for infection among hospitalised paediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Flokas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.04.020","article-title":"Risk factors for rectal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"12","author":"Askarian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0014","first-page":"14","article-title":"Evaluation of drug resistance frequency among Entrococcus faecium and Entrococcus faecalis strains and detection of vanA\/B genes in vancomycin resistance isolated by PCR method in Ilam and Kermanshah hospitals","volume":"5","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16287","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8(4)2015.16287","article-title":"Genotyping of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Arak hospitals","volume":"8","author":"Hoseini Zadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1086\/502595","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0017","unstructured":"Yi\u015f R, Aslan S, C\u0131tak C, De\u011firmenci S. Evaluation of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization at Gaziantep Children's Hospital, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul 201;45:646\u201354. PMID: 22090295."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0147","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: a review of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and perspectives of human and animal health","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.3.13871","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of early fecal carriage of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus Spp and their antimicrobial resistant patterns among healthy neonates born in a hospital setting in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"37","author":"El-Kersh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.573735","article-title":"Microbial colonization from the fetus to early childhood-a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Senn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0021","first-page":"70","article-title":"The prevalence of fecal carriage of antibiotic resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients in Shahid beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran at 2007","volume":"14","author":"Ghaffarpasand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Feyz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.191802","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in neonatal stool as a cause of septicemia: challenges for infection control practices","volume":"59","author":"Kaushal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13383","article-title":"Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Asia-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Shrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00019.x","article-title":"Risk factors for colonization with enterococci in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"6","author":"Miedema","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0025","first-page":"499","article-title":"Risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enteroccocci colonization in infants in neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"5","author":"Devrim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30205-5","article-title":"Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit (SCOUT): a prospective interrupted time-series study","volume":"16","author":"Cantey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.032","article-title":"Clearance of infant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium carriage after a neonatal inpatient outbreak","volume":"44","author":"Lister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2021.1490","article-title":"Mechanisms of Gram-positive vancomycin resistance (review)","volume":"16","author":"Selim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00825-3","article-title":"Mode and dynamics of vanA-type vancomycin resistance dissemination in Dutch hospitals","volume":"13","author":"Arredondo-Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S177886","article-title":"Molecular detection of vanA and vanB genes among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in ICU-hospitalized patients in Ahvaz in southwest of Iran","volume":"11","author":"Moosavian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00770-1","article-title":"Enterococcus faecium: from microbiological insights to practical recommendations for infection control and diagnostics","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00755-0","article-title":"A silent outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Marom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716522001229?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716522001229?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T10:02:08Z","timestamp":1761991328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716522001229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2213716522001229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci colonization in a referral neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective study in northern Iran","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}