{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:01:25Z","timestamp":1792648885657,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007137","name":"Northern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HNF1474-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNF1474-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1702987430000},"page":"116-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from vancomycin-susceptible enterococci in hospitalized patients under antimicrobial therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessin","family":"Janice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa Maria","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Hegstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Hegstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2761","article-title":"The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Arias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-18","article-title":"The Enterococcus: a model of adaptability to its environment","volume":"32","author":"Garc\u00eda-Solache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03226.x","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium","volume":"16","author":"Hegstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016444-0","article-title":"Analysis of methods commonly used for glycopeptide and oxazolidinone susceptibility testing in Enterococcus faecium isolates","volume":"59","author":"Raponi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0005","series-title":"Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2021.102558","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements beyond the VanB-resistance dissemination among hospital-associated enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"114","author":"Sadowy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1086\/491711","article-title":"Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive cocci","volume":"42","author":"Courvalin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03544-13","volume":"52","author":"Hegstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-6-1481","article-title":"Characterization of transposon Tn1549, conferring VanB-type resistance in Enterococcus spp","volume":"146","author":"Garnier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1105","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the vanB gene cluster of genomically diverse clinical strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"43","author":"Dahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0011","series-title":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022\u20132020 data","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0012","series-title":"NORM NORM-VET 2022, Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway","first-page":"127","article-title":"Vancomycin and linezolid resistant enterococci in Norway 2021","author":"Hegstad","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100732","article-title":"Thirty years of VRE in Germany\u2014\u2018expect the unexpected\u2019: the view from the National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci","volume":"53","author":"Werner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(03)00190-9","article-title":"Occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistances in Enterococcus faecium","volume":"88","author":"Klare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1304-0","article-title":"Screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an efficient and economical laboratory-developed test","volume":"31","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0017","unstructured":"Seemann T. Shovill [Internet 2023]. Github. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/shovill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0018","unstructured":"Wick R. Filtlong [Internet 2023]. Github. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/rrwick\/Filtlong."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595","article-title":"Unicycler: resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads","volume":"13","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","article-title":"BLAST+: architecture and applications","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0022","unstructured":"Seemann T. ABRicate [Internet 2023]. Github. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/abricate."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039","article-title":"Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0849-0","article-title":"Circlator: automated circularization of genome assemblies using long sequencing reads","volume":"16","author":"Hunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569","article-title":"NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline","volume":"44","author":"Tatusova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0028","unstructured":"Ridom SeqSphere+: Overview. https:\/\/www.ridom.de\/seqsphere\/ (accessed 22 June 2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01946-15","article-title":"Core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for high-resolution typing of Enterococcus faecium","volume":"53","author":"de Been","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0030","series-title":"Snippy, Rapid haploid variant calling and core genome alignment","author":"Seemann","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0031","first-page":"80","article-title":"A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPEff","volume":"6","author":"Cingolani","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103274","article-title":"A multicentre hospital outbreak in Sweden caused by introduction of a vanB2 transposon into a stably maintained pRUM-plasmid in an Enterococcus faecium ST192 clone","volume":"9","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13905","article-title":"Conjugative transposition of the vancomycin resistance carrying Tn1549: enzymatic requirements and target site preferences","volume":"107","author":"Lambertsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz118","article-title":"WGS of 1058 Enterococcus faecium from Copenhagen, Denmark, reveals rapid clonal expansion of vancomycin-resistant clone ST80 combined with widespread dissemination of a vanA-containing plasmid and acquisition of a heterogeneous accessory genome","author":"Pinholt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01596","article-title":"Characterization of Enterococcus isolates colonizing the intestinal tract of intensive care unit patients receiving selective digestive decontamination","volume":"8","author":"Bello Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.11.030","article-title":"Evolution of virulence in Enterococcus faecium, a hospital-adapted opportunistic pathogen","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07250","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits","volume":"455","author":"Brandl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43918","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus domination of intestinal microbiota is enabled by antibiotic treatment in mice and precedes bloodstream invasion in humans","volume":"120","author":"Ubeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1688-1694.2005","article-title":"Molecular characterization of vanB elements in naturally occurring gut anaerobes","volume":"49","author":"Ballard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04206-9","article-title":"Enterococcal vanB resistance locus in anaerobic bacteria in human faeces","volume":"357","author":"Stinear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.3.1054-1062.2006","article-title":"Transfer of vancomycin resistance transposon Tn1549 from Clostridium symbiosum to Enterococcus spp. in the gut of gnotobiotic mice","volume":"50","author":"Launay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716523002187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716523002187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T10:00:45Z","timestamp":1761991245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716523002187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2213716523002187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from vancomycin-susceptible enterococci in hospitalized patients under antimicrobial therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}