{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:11:48Z","timestamp":1792523508466,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010340","name":"Lebanese American University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T18:03:04Z","timestamp":1721239384000},"page":"256-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Genetic and structural basis of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Unravelling the molecular mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Alousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balig","family":"Panossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Makhlouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charbel Al","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelven","family":"Rahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Thoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Araj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Khnayzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3653-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sima","family":"Tokajian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10134","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31117-6","article-title":"Global governance of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"391","author":"Rochford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_sbref0002","series-title":"The review on antimicrobial resistance","author":"O'Neill","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1086\/429323","article-title":"Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"40","author":"Falagas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00078-15","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: going on the offense with a strong defense","volume":"80","author":"Paczosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMBR"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw805","article-title":"Colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: laboratory detection and impact on mortality","volume":"64","author":"Rojas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00064-16","article-title":"Polymyxins: antibacterial activity, susceptibility testing, and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes","volume":"30","author":"Poirel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6857","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.23.6857-6864.1996","article-title":"PhoP-PhoQ activates transcription of pmrAB, encoding a two-component regulatory system involved in Salmonella typhimurium antimicrobial peptide resistance","volume":"178","author":"Gunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0272n.x","article-title":"Characterization of lipopolysaccharides of polymyxin-resistant and polymyxin-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae O3","volume":"237","author":"Helander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000233","article-title":"Evolution and dynamics of regulatory architectures controlling polymyxin B resistance in enteric bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Mitrophanov","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003","article-title":"Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited","volume":"67","author":"Nikaido","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000788","article-title":"Feedback inhibition in the PhoQ\/PhoP signaling system by a membrane peptide","volume":"5","author":"Lippa","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5696","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03110-14","article-title":"MgrB inactivation is a common mechanism of colistin resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin","volume":"58","author":"Cannatelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00009-16","article-title":"Amino acid substitutions of CrrB responsible for resistance to colistin through CrrC in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"60","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02448","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02448-17","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibiting clinically undetected colistin heteroresistance leads to treatment failure in a murine model of infection","volume":"9","author":"Band","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35510","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S273784","article-title":"Resistance and heteroresistance to colistin in Escherichia coli isolates from Wenzhou, China","volume":"13","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-14","article-title":"Antimicrobial heteroresistance: an emerging field in need of clarity","volume":"28","author":"El-Halfawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01912.x","article-title":"Heteroresistance: a concern of increasing clinical significance?","volume":"14","author":"Falagas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04037-14","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae reveal multiple pathways of resistance","volume":"59","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05055-14","article-title":"Heteroresistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with alterations in the PhoPQ regulatory system","volume":"59","author":"Jayol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0021","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0022","unstructured":"EUCAST. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 2.0, on European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) [internet]. http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/Breakpoint_table_v_2.0_120221.pdf, 2014."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30062","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.45.30062","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: assessment by national experts from 38 countries, May 2015","volume":"20","author":"Albiger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.038968-0","article-title":"Transposons and integrons in colistin-resistant clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii with epidemic or sporadic behaviour","volume":"61","author":"Arduino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.03.021","article-title":"Hospital outbreak caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-2 \u03b2-lactamase resistant to colistin","volume":"76","author":"Kontopoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01020-10","article-title":"Outbreak of colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan","volume":"55","author":"Marchaim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir401","article-title":"Colistin-resistant, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)\u2013producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the international epidemic clone ST258","volume":"53","author":"Bogdanovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20248","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.33.20248-en","article-title":"Ongoing spread of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in different wards of an acute general hospital, Italy, June to December 2011","volume":"17","author":"Mammina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.11.012","article-title":"Insertion sequence transpositions and point mutations in mgrB causing colistin resistance in a clinical strain of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Vietnam","volume":"51","author":"Berglund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00759-w","article-title":"First report of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-8.1 gene from a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Lebanon","volume":"9","author":"Salloum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36554-2","article-title":"Molecular characterization of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae isolated from Lebanon","volume":"9","author":"Arabaghian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0032","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0033","unstructured":"EUCAST. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 7.1. http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/v_7.1_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf; 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0034","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70580-1","article-title":"Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01480-13","article-title":"In vivo emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-type carbapenemases mediated by insertional inactivation of the PhoQ\/PhoP mgrB regulator","volume":"57","author":"Cannatelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv195","article-title":"PROVEAN web server: a tool to predict the functional effect of amino acid substitutions and indels","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0038","unstructured":"Andrews S, Krueger F, Segonds-Pichon A, Biggins L, Krueger C, Wingett C. FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc; 2012."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv383","article-title":"Bandage: interactive visualization of de novo genome assemblies","volume":"31","author":"Wick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0545-9","article-title":"Hierarchical Hidden Markov models enable accurate and diverse detection of antimicrobial resistance sequences","volume":"2","author":"Lakin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcock BP, Raphenya AR, Lau TTY, Tsang KK, Bouchard M, Edalatmand A, et al. CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 2020;48(D1):D517\u2013D525. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31665441\/.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D744","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1047","article-title":"MEGARes and AMR++, v3. 0: an updated comprehensive database of antimicrobial resistance determinants and an improved software pipeline for classification using high-throughput sequencing","volume":"51","author":"Bonin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0048","first-page":"1160","article-title":"MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization","volume":"20","author":"Katoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(88)84149-1","article-title":"Detergent-accelerated hydrolysis of bacterial endotoxins and determination of the anomeric configuration of the glycosyl phosphate present in the \u201cisolated lipid A\u201d fragment of the Bordetella pertussis endotoxin","volume":"175","author":"Caroff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0051","unstructured":"CLSI-EUCAST Polymyxin Breakpoints Working Group. Recommendations for MIC determination of colistin (polymyxin E) as recommended by the joint CLSI-EUCAST Polymyxin Breakpoints Working Group. EUCAST. http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/General_documents\/Recommendations_for_MIC_determination_of_colistin_March_2016.pdf; 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.020","article-title":"Worldwide emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy humans and patients in Lao PDR, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and France owing to inactivation of the PhoP\/PhoQ regulator mgrB: an epidemiological and molecular study","volume":"44","author":"Olaitan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091444","article-title":"Colistin heteroresistance in Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates and diverse mutations of PmrAB and PhoPQ in resistant subpopulations","volume":"8","author":"Cheong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071426","article-title":"Insight into antibiotic synergy combinations for eliminating colistin heteroresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"14","author":"Rajakani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftw036","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw036","article-title":"Heteroresistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae is triggered by small colony variants sub-populations within biofilms","volume":"74","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105930","article-title":"Inactivation of mgrB gene regulator and resistance to colistin is becoming endemic in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Greece: a nationwide study from 2014 to 2017","volume":"55","author":"Hamel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105894","article-title":"Contributions of insertion sequences conferring colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00084-14","article-title":"Resistance to colistin associated with a single amino acid change in protein PmrB among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of worldwide origin","volume":"58","author":"Jayol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02470","article-title":"MgrB alterations mediate colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Iran","volume":"8","author":"Haeili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01601","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01601-17","article-title":"Genomic insights into colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Tunisian teaching hospital","volume":"62","author":"Jaidane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00715-09","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae AcrAB efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and virulence","volume":"54","author":"Padilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0060","first-page":"103","article-title":"Use of plasma desorption mass spectrometry in structural analysis of endotoxins: effects on lipid A of different acid treatments","volume":"392","author":"Karibian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx234","article-title":"Structural modification of LPS in colistin-resistant, KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"72","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716524001280?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716524001280?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1732421365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716524001280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S2213716524001280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic and structural basis of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Unravelling the molecular mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}