{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1790179709435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:15:42Z","timestamp":1785942942000},"page":"435-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antibiotic timing as a quality-of-care metric in ICU pneumonia: Association with in-hospital mortality and microbiological confirmation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8363-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Yayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0","article-title":"Pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2717","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of infection among patients in intensive care units","volume":"323","author":"Vincent","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw504","article-title":"Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Kalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003119","article-title":"The surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 update","volume":"46","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001013","article-title":"Impact of sepsis classification and multidrug-resistance status on outcome among patients treated with appropriate therapy","volume":"43","author":"Burnham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.262","article-title":"Clinical importance of delays in the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"122","author":"Iregui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC","article-title":"The timing of early antibiotics and hospital mortality in sepsis","volume":"196","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001142","article-title":"The impact of timing of antibiotics on outcomes in severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1019","article-title":"Impact of policies on the rise in sepsis incidence, 2000\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Gohil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05950-6","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an expert statement","volume":"46","author":"Timsit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1266-9","article-title":"Diagnosing sepsis is subjective and highly variable: a survey of intensivists using case vignettes","volume":"20","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3077-7","article-title":"De-escalation of empirical therapy is associated with lower mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"40","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182923712","article-title":"Interobserver agreement of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for classifying infections in critically ill patients","volume":"41","author":"Klein Klouwenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-014-0035-7","article-title":"Multiplex PCR performed of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases pathogen identification rate in critically ill patients with pneumonia: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Baudel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821e87ab","article-title":"Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol","volume":"39","author":"Puskarich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000423","article-title":"Prognostic value of timing of antibiotic administration in patients with septic shock treated with early quantitative resuscitation","volume":"349","author":"Ryoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03709.x","article-title":"Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes of hospitalized patients with community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Simonetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0020","first-page":"885","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in critically ill patients: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Lakbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12896","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis","volume":"17","author":"Phua","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716526001360?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213716526001360?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:50:31Z","timestamp":1790178631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213716526001360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S2213716526001360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-7165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-7165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic timing as a quality-of-care metric in ICU pneumonia: Association with in-hospital mortality and microbiological confirmation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2026.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}