{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:34:42Z","timestamp":1791426882360,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T01:16:25Z","timestamp":1498266985000},"page":"496-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sang Yun","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Bang","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Seok","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Youl","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6399","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4243","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 factor enhances inflammation and is associated with cancer (Review)","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x","article-title":"Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1\u03b2 generation","volume":"147","author":"Ferrero\u2212Miliani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.11.74","article-title":"Cells, cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical perspective","volume":"5","author":"Roberts-Thomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00248","article-title":"Sweeten PAMPs: role of sugar complexed PAMPs in innate immunity and vaccine biology","volume":"4","author":"Mahla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000862","article-title":"Neutrophils, apoptosis and phagocytic clearance: an innate sequence of cellular responses regulating intramacrophagic parasite infections","volume":"132","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.107","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease","volume":"17","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.09.006","article-title":"Pathogen recognition receptors, cancer and inflammation in the gut","volume":"9","author":"Fukata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3446","article-title":"The history of Toll-like receptors redefining innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"O'Neill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512926","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/512926","article-title":"The role of Src kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses","volume":"2012","author":"Byeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979105","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/979105","article-title":"The pivotal role of TBK1 in inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages","volume":"2012","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2013.13.4.148","article-title":"The soluble form of the cellular prion protein enhances phagocytic activity and cytokine production by human monocytes via activation of ERK and NF-\u03baB","volume":"13","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2013.015","article-title":"Targeting cellular antioxidant enzymes for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561459","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/561459","article-title":"The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"2014","author":"Wojdasiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2805","article-title":"Averting inflammation by targeting the cytokine environment","volume":"9","author":"Kopf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines: at the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease","volume":"1843","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3547","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory disorders and their redox control: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Chiurchiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2013.46.3.176","article-title":"ADAM and ADAMTS family proteins and their role in the colorectal cancer etiopathogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Przemyslaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib19","first-page":"26","article-title":"Asian ginseng: potential therapeutic uses","volume":"9","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Nurse Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2013.37.1","article-title":"The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea)","volume":"37","author":"Baeg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-7-2","article-title":"Ginsenoside Re: its chemistry, metabolism and pharmacokinetics","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib22","first-page":"259","article-title":"Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng","volume":"9","author":"Helmes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X77000026","article-title":"A\u00a0contribution to our knowledge of ginseng","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00212-9","article-title":"Multiple pharmacological effects of ginseng","volume":"58","author":"Attele","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.6.1851","article-title":"Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component","volume":"51","author":"Attele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gei041","article-title":"Radioprotective potential of ginseng","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(04)00645-2","article-title":"Analysis methods of ginsenosides","volume":"812","author":"Fuzzati","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2012.36.1.16","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2010.18.2.171","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of baicalin on the short-term food intake in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2014.06.003","article-title":"Ginsenoside-Rp1-induced apolipoprotein A-1 expression in the LoVo human colon cancer cell line","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2013.03.007","article-title":"Chemical and morphological variations of Panax notoginseng and their relationship","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.04.008","article-title":"ATF-2\/CREB\/IRF-3-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Korean red ginseng water extract","volume":"154","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2014.06.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of protopanaxadiol saponin fraction-mediated anti-inflammatory actions","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.043","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus acidus methanolic extract","volume":"168","author":"Hossen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E809","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21060809","article-title":"Syk and IRAK1 contribute to immunopharmacological activities of anthraquinone-2-carboxlic acid","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X","article-title":"Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"126","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.030","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract","volume":"152","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2015.02.003","article-title":"Kinetic study for the optimization of ginsenoside Rg3 production by heat treatment of ginsenoside Rb1","volume":"39","author":"Vo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.07.006","article-title":"Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.009","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Cinnamomum camphora extracts","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2011.35.2.200","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rp 1, a ginsenoside derivative, blocks promoter activation of iNOS and Cox-2 genes by suppression of an IKK\u03b2-mediated NF-\u03baB pathway in HEK293 cells","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.02.002","article-title":"Anticancer effect of joboksansam, Korean wild ginseng germinated from bird feces","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6317","article-title":"Akt\/Protein kinase B modulates macrophage inflammatory response to Francisella infection and confers a survival advantage in mice","volume":"177","author":"Rajaram","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12521","article-title":"Impaired Akt phosphorylation in monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"85","author":"Kuuliala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.04.005","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 ligand therapy activates PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling in oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00190","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.190","article-title":"Thrombin-mediated activation of Akt signaling contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Ogawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.3","article-title":"1\u03b1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3-3-bromoacetate regulates AKT\/mTOR signaling cascades: a therapeutic agent for psoriasis","volume":"133","author":"Mitra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120259","article-title":"Isorhamnetin attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage apoptosis via PI3K\/AKT activation and HO-1 induction","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/43466","article-title":"NF-\u03baB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine\u2013threonine kinase","volume":"401","author":"Ozes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S101285","article-title":"Upregulation of akt\/NF-\u03baB-regulated inflammation and akt\/Bad-related apoptosis signaling pathway involved in hepatic carcinoma process: suppression by carnosic acid nanoparticle","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2833","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors is involved in neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (Review)","volume":"39","author":"Nakano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061489","article-title":"Exploring the specificity of the PI3K family inhibitor LY294002","volume":"404","author":"Gharbi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845317301215?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845317301215?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T23:36:00Z","timestamp":1719272160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226845317301215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226845317301215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-8453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ginseng Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}