{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:34:31Z","timestamp":1791426871247,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004083","name":"Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M3A9E4104380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T11:45:41Z","timestamp":1649072741000},"page":"609-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Regulation of appetite-related neuropeptides by Panax ginseng: A novel approach for obesity treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung Manh","family":"Phung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyeop","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuy An","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2553-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quynh Nhu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Eop","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years","volume":"377","author":"Afshin","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib2","unstructured":"Council, A.M.P. Resolved, that the alberta mackenzie provincial council of the catholic women's league of Canada, in 71st annual convention assembled, urge the alberta provincial and northwest territories governments to officially recognize obesity as a chronic disease."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1514009","article-title":"Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity","volume":"376","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib4","first-page":"e649","article-title":"Correction to: 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061409","article-title":"Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children","volume":"176","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the obesity society","volume":"129","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-015-0184-5","article-title":"Hunger and satiety mechanisms and their potential exploitation in the regulation of food intake","volume":"5","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.65","article-title":"Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2006.07.001","article-title":"Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity\u2013a review","volume":"40","author":"Arora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200431","article-title":"Effects of dietary polyphenols on neuroregulatory factors and pathways that mediate food intake and energy regulation in obesity","volume":"57","author":"Panickar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-010-0518-5","article-title":"Resveratrol, purified from the stem of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat, inhibits food intake in C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00294","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanism of Panax ginseng in experimental stroke","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070830","article-title":"Antiobesity effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet-induced obese mice mediated by AMPK","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2174\/187153008784534330","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord - Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.100","article-title":"Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin","volume":"34","author":"Im","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030444","article-title":"Pro-Resolving Effect of ginsenosides as an anti-inflammatory mechanism of Panax ginseng","volume":"10","author":"Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.07.27","article-title":"Pharmacologic therapy of obesity: mechanisms of action and cardiometabolic effects","volume":"7","author":"Montan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.12.005","article-title":"Ginseng and obesity","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib19","article-title":"Central inflammation and leptin resistance are attenuated by ginsenoside Rb1 treatment in obese mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00243-7","article-title":"Network medicine framework shows that proximity of polyphenol targets and disease proteins predicts therapeutic effects of polyphenols","volume":"2","author":"do Valle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1243","article-title":"Quantifying the chemical beauty of drugs","volume":"4","author":"Bickerton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.09.001","article-title":"Systems-level mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng: a network pharmacological approach","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D380","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1277","article-title":"Stitch 5: augmenting protein\u2013chemical interaction networks with tissue and affinity data","volume":"44","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.015","article-title":"Neuropeptides from concept to online database","volume":"626","author":"Burbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10331","article-title":"Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening","volume":"7","author":"Guney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x","article-title":"The epidemiology of obesity: a big picture","volume":"33","author":"Adela Hruby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2014.08.007","article-title":"Self-report of gastrointestinal side effects after bariatric surgery","volume":"10","author":"Kalarchian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70183-9","article-title":"Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management","volume":"2","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3639-2","article-title":"Gallstones and bariatric surgery: to treat or not to treat?","volume":"40","author":"Morais","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879. e871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.02.009","article-title":"FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs in the United States","volume":"129","author":"Daneschvar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666120-00012","volume":"66","author":"Henness","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orlistat. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.076","article-title":"Natural anti-obesity agents and their therapeutic role in management of obesity: a future trend perspective","volume":"110","author":"Karri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02361.x","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo antihyperglycemic effect of 2 Amadori rearrangement compounds, arginyl-fructose and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose","volume":"76","author":"Ha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2013.37.308","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of black ginseng extract in high fat diet-fed mice","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0628025","article-title":"Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor","volume":"55","author":"Karu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0315","article-title":"Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats","volume":"59","author":"Xiong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib37","first-page":"106","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of protopanaxatriol type ginsenosides isolated from American ginseng leaves in mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9034755","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of ginsenosides CK and Rg1 on stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2606","article-title":"Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR-\u03b3 signal pathways","volume":"23","author":"Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.10.125","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte","volume":"364","author":"Hwang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306743102","article-title":"Deletion of PPAR\u03b3 in adipose tissues of mice protects against high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"102","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/265023","article-title":"Ginseng and its active components ginsenosides inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9","volume":"2012","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2009.42.4.194","article-title":"The ginsenoside-Rb2 lowers cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured under high cholesterol or fatty acids conditions","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.142","article-title":"Compound K, a novel ginsenoside metabolite, inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells: involvement of angiogenesis and MMPs","volume":"422","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185358","article-title":"Effects of in\u00a0vitro-digested ginsenosides on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-010-9288-7","article-title":"Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4589","article-title":"Lipid metabolic effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet","volume":"92","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3610","article-title":"Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity in high fat fed Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1021\/jf506216p","article-title":"Direct infusion MS-based lipid profiling reveals the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides in high-fat diet induced obese mice","volume":"63","author":"Shon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.0016","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of Chinese ginseng prevents obesity and metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.1.E1","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in type 2 diabetes","volume":"277","author":"Winder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib52","first-page":"172","article-title":"Fermented ginseng attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperglycemia through AMPK activation","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2014.997186","article-title":"Effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract on hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib54","first-page":"73","article-title":"Ginsenoside Re lowers blood glucose and lipid levels via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells and high-fat diet fed mice","volume":"29","author":"Quan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.33.325","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses hepatic glucose production via AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0028-8","article-title":"Korean Red Ginseng attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatoma cells","volume":"19","author":"Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib57","article-title":"Korean Red Ginseng activates AMPK in skeletal muscle and liver","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13055729","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 reduces lipid accumulation with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4247\/AM.2013.ABD068","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on glucose and lipid production in human HepG2 cells","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adaptive Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib60","article-title":"Effect of the high hydrostatic pressure extract of Korean ginseng on hepatic lipid metabolism and AMP-activated protein kinase activation in HepG2 cells (1045.25)","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2011.35.3.308","article-title":"Anti-diabetic effect of pectinase-processed ginseng radix (GINST) in high fat diet-fed ICR mice","volume":"35","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114316","article-title":"Red-koji fermented red ginseng ameliorates high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977653","article-title":"Vinegar-processed ginseng radix improves metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat diet in ICR mice","volume":"30","author":"Yun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib64","series-title":"The effect of a dietary supplement with alpha lipoic acid and other neutraceuticals on weight control and serum lipid profile in Sprague dawley rats","author":"Poakwah","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.07.034","article-title":"Ginseng treatment reverses obesity and related disorders by inhibiting angiogenesis in female db\/db mice","volume":"155","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M035907","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats","volume":"54","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.06.007","article-title":"Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of high hydrostatic pressure extracts of ginseng in high-fat diet induced obese rats","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Funct Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(83)90019-9","article-title":"Suppression of cholesterogenesis and reduction of LDL cholesterol by dietary ginseng and its fractions in chicken liver","volume":"48","author":"Qureshi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E178","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00404.2001","article-title":"Effects of endurance training on activity and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase isoforms in rat muscles","volume":"283","author":"Durante","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.093","article-title":"New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"763","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib71","first-page":"37","article-title":"O\u00a0verview of Neuropeptides: a wakening the S enses?","volume":"57","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-310-3_1","article-title":"What are neuropeptides?","volume":"789","author":"Burbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5856071","article-title":"Current evidence for a role of neuropeptides in the regulation of autophagy","volume":"2017","author":"Catalani","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/35007534","article-title":"Central nervous system control of food intake","volume":"404","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00269-3","article-title":"Food intake and body weight regulation: a hypothalamic focus","volume":"23","author":"Hillebrand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X17500021","article-title":"Ginseng on cancer: potential role in modulating inflammation-mediated angiogenesis","volume":"45","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.01.001","article-title":"Antiaging effects of the mixture of Panax ginseng and Crataegus pinnatifida in human dermal fibroblasts and healthy human skin","volume":"41","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.12.008","article-title":"Panax ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.10.004","article-title":"Pharmacological and medical applications of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides: a review for use in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib80","first-page":"83","article-title":"Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 isoforms and NADPH-CYP reductase in\u00a0vitro by 15 herbal medicines, including Epimedii herba","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13769","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171213769","article-title":"Red ginseng marc oil inhibits iNOS and COX-2 via NF\u03baB and p38 pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Bak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib82","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Effect of ginseng saponin, arsenic trioxide, beta-elemene combined with CTX on telomere-telomerase system in K562 cell line","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib83","series-title":"Ginseng nutritional components and functional factors","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2016.21.3.263","article-title":"Investigation of phenolic, flavonoid, and vitamin contents in different parts of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer)","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Nutr Food Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FP0040184","article-title":"Effect of crude saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on high fat diet-induced obesity in the rat","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1106.06027","article-title":"Wild ginseng attenuates anxiety-and depression-like behaviors during morphine withdrawal","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2561","article-title":"Comparison of the antiobesity effects of the protopanaxadiol-and protopanaxatriol-type saponins of red ginseng","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib88","first-page":"133","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 rescues anxiety-like responses in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-013-9688-3","article-title":"Ginseng panaxoside Rb1 reduces body weight in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-3200-x","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of ginsenosides in high-fat diet-fed rats","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845322000367?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845322000367?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:17:21Z","timestamp":1761124641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226845322000367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226845322000367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-8453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Regulation of appetite-related neuropeptides by Panax ginseng: A novel approach for obesity treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ginseng Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}