{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:36:08Z","timestamp":1792449368223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81703819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82405012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82405012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009377","name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23A0280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A0280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ8128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ8128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T16:55:45Z","timestamp":1752857745000},"page":"692-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Total saponins of Panax japonicus alleviate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating macrophage polarization and intestinal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanghe","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbing","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4163-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib1","article-title":"Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102397","article-title":"Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Tardito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.867260","article-title":"The role of M1\/M2 macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis","volume":"13","author":"Cutolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05052-9","article-title":"Research progress on macrophage polarization during osteoarthritis disease progression: a review","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.02.005","article-title":"M2 macrophages secrete glutamate-containing extracellular vesicles to alleviate osteoporosis by reshaping osteoclast precursor fate","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib6","article-title":"Nanomedicines reprogram synovial macrophages by scavenging nitric oxide and silencing CA9 in progressive osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105491","article-title":"Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: balancing benefits and harm by leveraging the therapeutic window of opportunity","volume":"90","author":"Doumen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01499-0","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages by target delivered roburic acid effectively ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05569-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42767","article-title":"Poly-refractory rheumatoid arthritis: an uncommon subset of difficult to treat disease with distinct inflammatory and noninflammatory phenotypes","volume":"76","author":"David","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112501","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of probiotics in gut microbial homeostasis and Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"137","author":"Balasundaram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42616","article-title":"Alteration of gut microbiota in individuals at high-risk for Rheumatoid arthritis associated with disturbed metabolome and the initiation of arthritis through the triggering of mucosal immunity imbalance","volume":"75","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.018","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates rheumatoid arthritis through FadA-containing outer membrane vesicles","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.561962","article-title":"Potential advantages of bioactive compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine to inhibit bone destructions in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118422","article-title":"The antiangiogenic effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by targeting the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF\/ANG-1 axis","volume":"333","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib16","first-page":"64","article-title":"Panax japonicus and chikusetsusaponins: a review of diverse biological activities and pharmacology mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Herb Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.09.038","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer and their antioxidant activities","volume":"101","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116681","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of the total saponin from Panax Japonicus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in mice","volume":"315","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155021","article-title":"Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of total saponins from Rhizoma panacis majoris on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"119","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12413","article-title":"Saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in rats","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2024.106550","article-title":"Xuetongsu attenuates bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting osteoclast apoptosis","volume":"169","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib22","article-title":"Xuetongsu ameliorates synovial inflammatory hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting JAK2\/STAT3 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"337","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib23","article-title":"Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice","volume":"260","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","article-title":"16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study","volume":"173","author":"Weisburg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01151-3","article-title":"Lactate metabolism in human health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.97185","article-title":"RBM15 activates glycolysis in M1-type macrophages to promote the progression of aortic aneurysm and dissection","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.04.006","article-title":"Glucose-driven histone lactylation promotes the immunosuppressive activity of monocyte-derived macrophages in glioblastoma","volume":"57","author":"De Leo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","article-title":"Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib29","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays an integral role in arthritis pathology and can be targeted to ameliorate disease","volume":"2","author":"Matei","year":"2021","journal-title":"M\u00e9d Sur"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02946-z","article-title":"The biological activity of serum bacterial lipopolysaccharides associates with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Parantainen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib31","article-title":"Gut microbiota comparison between intestinal contents and mucosa in mice with repeated stress-related diarrhea provides novel insight","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1369337","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib33","first-page":"221","article-title":"Synergistic rheumatoid arthritis therapy by interrupting the detrimental feedback loop to orchestrate hypoxia M1 macrophage polarization using an enzyme-catalyzed nanoplatform","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","article-title":"Diversity, mechanisms, and significance of macrophage plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Locati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.11.001","article-title":"Total saponins from Panax Japonicus regulate the ferritin heavy chain to reduce inflammation in aging adipose tissue by mediating iron metabolism","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"7444","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","article-title":"Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 through HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"496","author":"Tannahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225306","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori upregulates PAD4 expression via stabilising HIF-1\u03b1 to exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112471","article-title":"The glycolysis\/HIF-1\u03b1 axis defines the inflammatory role of IL-4-primed macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmunol\/199.7.2194","article-title":"Pillars article: M-1\/M-2 macrophages and the Th1\/Th2 Paradigm","volume":"199","author":"Mills","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00603","article-title":"TH1\/TH2 paradigm extended: macrophage polarization as an unappreciated pathogen-driven escape mechanism?","volume":"5","author":"Muraille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9311","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2212063","article-title":"Health benefits of saponins and its mechanisms: perspectives from absorption, metabolism, and interaction with gut","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2200","article-title":"Biopharmaceutics classification and intestinal absorption of chikusetsusaponin IVa","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3700","article-title":"Determination and validation of chikusetsusaponin IVa in rat plasma by UPLC-MS\/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168649","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis, tight junction proteins, and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Mucientes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.12.015","article-title":"Eubacterium coprostanoligenes alleviates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by enhancing intestinal mucus barrier","volume":"14","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162660","article-title":"Exploration of the Muribaculaceae family in the gut microbiota: diversity, metabolism, and function","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0394-9","article-title":"An automated Raman-based platform for the sorting of live cells by functional properties","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.12.011","article-title":"Regulatory effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on colonic epithelial tight junctions in aging rats","volume":"42","author":"Dun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2347725","article-title":"Christensenella strain resources, genomic\/metabolomic profiling, and association with host at species level","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02836-23","article-title":"The keystone gut species Christensenella minuta boosts gut microbial biomass and voluntary physical activity in mice","volume":"15","author":"Akbu\u011fa-Sch\u00f6n","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039","article-title":"Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications","volume":"47","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845325000971?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845325000971?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T11:30:24Z","timestamp":1772883024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226845325000971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226845325000971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-8453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Total saponins of Panax japonicus alleviate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating macrophage polarization and intestinal microbiota","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ginseng Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}