{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:56:44Z","timestamp":1789109804871,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1C1C1006937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1C1C1006937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1C1C1009601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1C1C1009601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002456","name":"Chonnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:07:26Z","timestamp":1762416446000},"page":"100913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ginsenoside Rb1 restores dental pulp by promoting odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6386-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ok Hyung","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyekyoung","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong-Kwan","family":"Jih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2940-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(04)00645-2","article-title":"Analysis methods of ginsenosides","volume":"812","author":"Fuzzati","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr, B: Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2020.02.004","article-title":"Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides","volume":"45","author":"Ratan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00157-5","article-title":"The osteogenesis of Ginsenoside Rb1 incorporated silk\/micro-nano hydroxyapatite\/sodium alginate composite scaffolds for calvarial defect","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240309797","article-title":"Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Gronthos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(99)00047-0","article-title":"Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy","volume":"28","author":"Tziafas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.3097","article-title":"Differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into regular-shaped dentin-pulp complex induced by tooth germ cell conditioned medium","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.12.004","article-title":"Vital pulp therapy in vital permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulp: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000164138.49923.e5","article-title":"The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp and dentin in endodontics","volume":"31","author":"Nakashima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib9","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from human third molar dental pulp","volume":"26","author":"Atari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100806","article-title":"Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells","volume":"81","author":"Gronthos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112018","article-title":"Dental pulp stem cell-derived secretome and its regenerative potential","volume":"22","author":"Bar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168991","article-title":"Functional dental pulp regeneration: basic research and clinical translation","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib13","unstructured":"Zhao K, Qi L, Li Q, Wang Y, Qian C, Shi Z. Self-absorbing multilayer skin-like composite with Phyllostachys nigra polysaccharides promotes wound healing."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib15","first-page":"841","article-title":"BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features","volume":"26","author":"Quinlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2005.00325.x","article-title":"Histological comparison of alendronate, calcium hydroxide and formocresol in amputated rat molar","volume":"21","author":"Cengiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2018-0550","article-title":"Initial inflammatory response after the pulpotomy of rat molars with MTA or ferric sulfate","volume":"27","author":"Lopes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12891","article-title":"Effect of intra-alveolar delivery of Frondoside A on inflammatory response of delayed tooth replantation","volume":"40","author":"Herr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1164547","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 protects human vascular smooth muscle cells against resistin-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03130B","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviated concanavalin A-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating mitophagy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14058","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells via the PI3K\/Akt, NF-kappaB, and MAPK signalling pathways","volume":"57","author":"Nam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.05.004","article-title":"Dental pulp fibroblast: a star cell","volume":"48","author":"Alvarez-Vasquez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511405386","article-title":"Dental pulp stem cells, niches, and notch signaling in tooth injury","volume":"23","author":"Mitsiadis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-013-0408-y","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase: an overview","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.02.009","article-title":"Expression of mineralization markers in dental pulp cells","volume":"33","author":"Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708601202","article-title":"Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1): new and important roles for biomineralization and phosphate homeostasis","volume":"86","author":"Qin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc20118","article-title":"MiR-148a-3p regulates the invasion and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via the Wnt1\/beta-Catenin pathway","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2444","article-title":"Wnt acts as a prosurvival signal to enhance dentin regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Hunter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142216","article-title":"BMP signaling pathway in dentin development and diseases","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(01)00020-3","article-title":"Transdentinal stimulation of reactionary dentinogenesis in ferrets by dentine matrix components","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.03.008","article-title":"New insights into TGF-beta-Smad signalling","volume":"29","author":"ten Dijke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(02)02556-8","article-title":"The TGF-beta--Smad network: introducing bioinformatic tools","volume":"18","author":"Kloos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03628-6","article-title":"Development of a root canal treatment model in the rat","volume":"7","author":"Yoneda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845325001654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845325001654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1773913004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226845325001654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226845325001654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-8453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rb1 restores dental pulp by promoting odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ginseng Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100913"}}