{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:14:28Z","timestamp":1788228868200,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-00513591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00513591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAP21024-000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAP21024-000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032627","name":"Military Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:59:04Z","timestamp":1773759544000},"page":"101021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic potential of ginseng and ginsenosides on muscle wasting disorders: Cachexia, sarcopenia, anorexia, and aging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7310-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Hwan","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Muthamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyo","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Min","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ung Cheol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maic Audo Eybi","family":"Mayer Sihombing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Quynh Dan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4499-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md M.N.","family":"Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Hong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00735-z","article-title":"Dynamic nanomechanical characterization of cells in exosome therapy","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsyst Nanoeng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89297-2","article-title":"Berberine attenuates obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via regulation of FUNDC1 in skeletal muscle of mice","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12082","article-title":"Loss of muscle mass: current developments in cachexia and sarcopenia focused on biomarkers and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Drescher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114802","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between cancer associated cachexia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1","volume":"163","author":"Muthamil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328358d59b","article-title":"Sarcopenia in older adults","volume":"24","author":"Walston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(99)00286-5","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities associated with skeletal myopathy in severe anorexia nervosa","volume":"16","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113921","article-title":"Physical therapy interventions in patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Minano-Garrido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.07.005","article-title":"The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans","volume":"47","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9626-4","article-title":"The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age","volume":"17","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-05082-2","article-title":"Measuring muscle mass and strength in obesity: a review of various methods","volume":"31","author":"Sizoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-024-00487-x","article-title":"Dihydrotanshinone I ameliorated angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular & Cellular Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2012.36.3.225","article-title":"Ginseng in traditional herbal prescriptions","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of ginseng research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010078","article-title":"American ginseng attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage via the modulation of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory adaptation in males","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134716","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of cultured ginseng roots extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages and adipocytes","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.06.003","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of ginseng for skeletal muscle-related disorder management","volume":"48","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of ginseng research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2021.11.008","article-title":"Amelioration of muscle wasting by gintonin in cancer cachexia","volume":"23","author":"Wijaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2797-9","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 can ameliorate the key inflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 in a cancer cachexia mouse model","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.12.012","article-title":"Panax notoginseng attenuates LPS-Induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264. 7 cells","volume":"106","author":"Rhule","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.05.003","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolite compound K inhibit IRAK-1 Activation\u2014The key step of inflammation","volume":"82","author":"Joh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118205","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates chronic inflammation-induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive impairments via regulation of AIM2-Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"330","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.07.005","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates methamphetamine (METH)-Induced neurotoxicity through the NR2B\/ERK\/CREB\/BDNF signalings in vitro and in vivo models","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ginseng Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052906","article-title":"Beneficial effects of small-molecule oligopeptides isolated from Panax ginseng CA meyer on cellular fates in oxidative stress-induced damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells and PC-12","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.09.007","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated activation of HO-1 is required in the blocking effect of compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, against oxidative stress damage in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Ginseng Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8598","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08598","article-title":"Rapid preparation of rare ginsenosides by acid transformation and their structure-activity relationships against cancer cells","volume":"5","author":"Quan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-010-0522-9","article-title":"Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on the ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage responses in HaCaT cells","volume":"382","author":"Ha","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Schmied Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0380-0","article-title":"Effects of lifetime cumulative ginseng intake on cognitive function in late life","volume":"10","author":"Lho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2020.08.003","article-title":"Immuno-enhancement effects of Korean red ginseng in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Hyun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of ginseng research"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8694","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168694","article-title":"Gibberellin signaling promotes the secondary growth of storage roots in Panax ginseng","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153197","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo by modulating toll-like receptor 4 dimerization and NF-kB\/MAPKs signaling pathways","volume":"69","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.02.004","article-title":"Korean red ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-\u03baB and AP-1 pathways","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ginseng Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901537R","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of its assembly","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04331-y","article-title":"TM-MC 2.0: an enhanced chemical database of medicinal materials in northeast Asian traditional medicine","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-5-20","article-title":"Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review","volume":"5","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1517\/13543776.2015.1038239","article-title":"Dammarane triterpenoids for pharmaceutical use: a patent review (2005\u20132014)","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.12.017","article-title":"Ginsenosides in panax genus and their biosynthesis","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib26","series-title":"Rdkit\/rdkit: 2025_03_1 (Q1 2025) release","author":"Landrum","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(96)00423-1","article-title":"Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings","volume":"23","author":"Lipinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105263","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng explain why they differ in therapeutic efficacy","volume":"161","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108625","article-title":"Structural-activity relationship of rare ginsenosides from red ginseng in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.90.254","article-title":"Axonal and dendritic extension by protopanaxadiol-type saponins from ginseng drugs in SK-N-SH cells","volume":"90","author":"Tohda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40095","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA05717B","article-title":"Evaluation of structure\u2013activity relationships of ginsenosides against amyloid \u03b2 induced pathological behaviours in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-021-01781-8","article-title":"Treatment of chemotherapy-induced cachexia with BST204: a multimodal validation study","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24616","article-title":"A novel herbal formula, SGE, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cancer cell death and alleviates cachexia symptoms induced by colon-26 adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2309.09017","article-title":"Steamed ginseng berry powder ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy via myogenic effects","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00550-w","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"10","author":"Sayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124291","article-title":"Associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afae052","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052","article-title":"The conceptual definition of sarcopenia: delphi consensus from the global leadership initiative in sarcopenia (GLIS)","volume":"53","author":"Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.05.017","article-title":"\u2018Fragmentation\u2019of NMJs: a sign of degeneration or regeneration? A long journey with many junctions","volume":"439","author":"Slater","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.02.012","article-title":"The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fiber size","volume":"48","author":"Nilwik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.08.087","article-title":"Induction of MuRF1 is essential for TNF-\u03b1-induced loss of muscle function in mice","volume":"384","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00972-z","article-title":"GDF-15 in tumor-derived exosomes promotes muscle atrophy via Bcl-2\/caspase-3 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12943","article-title":"mTORC1 underlies age\u2010related muscle fiber damage and loss by inducing oxidative stress and catabolism","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"605","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay9592","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay9592","article-title":"Perturbed BMP signaling and denervation promote muscle wasting in cancer cachexia","volume":"13","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1128(199905)19:3<223::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia","volume":"19","author":"Argil\u00e9s","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014","article-title":"Akt\/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib53","first-page":"923","article-title":"Akt signalling through GSK\u20103\u03b2, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy","volume":"576","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol (Paris)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4615","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents starvation-induced muscle protein degradation via regulation of AKT\/mTOR\/FoxO signaling in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104108","article-title":"The effect of Korean red ginseng on sarcopenia biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"90","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030761","article-title":"Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia: adapting definitions and terminology of nutritional disorders in older people with cancer","volume":"13","author":"Meza-Valderrama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib57","article-title":"Brainstem prolactin-releasing peptide contributes to cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome in rats","volume":"180","author":"Batista","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-023-00425-3","article-title":"The atypical protein kinase RIOK3 contributes to the phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular & Cellular Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/1082","article-title":"Coexpression of agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons","volume":"1","author":"Hahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266283661240226052054","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3: a review of its anticancer mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00586-5","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg5 as an anticancer drug: a comprehensive review on mechanisms, structure\u2013activity relationship, and prospects for clinical advancement","volume":"76","author":"Elsaman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081892","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rh1 induces MCF-7 cell apoptosis and autophagic cell death through ROS-Mediated Akt signaling","volume":"13","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092618","article-title":"Central inflammation and leptin resistance are attenuated by ginsenoside Rb1 treatment in Obese mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.04.019","article-title":"The gene expression of the hypothalamic feeding-regulating peptides in cisplatin-induced anorexic rats","volume":"46","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.078","article-title":"Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, suppresses cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats via 5-HT2 receptor antagonism","volume":"134","author":"Takeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e44","article-title":"Additive effect of rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in uterine cervical or corpus cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel: results of a randomized phase II study (JORTC KMP-02)","volume":"28","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of gynecologic oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-019-00836-x","article-title":"Prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study of the effects of rikkunshito, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, on anorexia and plasma-acylated ghrelin levels in lung cancer patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Yoshiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest N Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114840","article-title":"Liujunzi decoction ameliorated cisplatin-induced anorexia by inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and coordinating anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides in rats","volume":"285","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354211019107","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of yukgunja-tang for patients with cancer-related anorexia: a randomized, controlled trial, pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020208","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of herbal medicines on cisplatin-induced anorexia","volume":"15","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.06.013","article-title":"BACE1 molecular docking and anti-alzheimer's disease activities of ginsenosides","volume":"190","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735415580676","article-title":"High-dose Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) for cancer-related fatigue: a preliminary report","volume":"14","author":"Yennurajalingam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.02.018","article-title":"Korean red ginseng for cancer-related fatigue in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy: a randomised phase III trial","volume":"130","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8780325","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Sipjeondaebo\u2010tang for anorexia in patients with cancer: a pilot, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial","volume":"2017","author":"Cheon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6861","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b02386","article-title":"Suppressive effect of ginsenoside Rg3 against lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"65","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01318","article-title":"The positive role of traditional Chinese medicine as an adjunctive therapy for cancer","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioscience trends"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2022.02.007","article-title":"Kampo medicine bukuryoingohangekobokuto and ninjin'yoeitoyoeito as supportive care for management of anorexia and tightness of the esophagus in advanced esophageal cancer: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Takayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Explore"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0707","article-title":"Ginseng: an nonnegligible natural remedy for healthy aging","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging and disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111731","article-title":"Panax ginseng and aging related disorders: a systematic review","volume":"161","author":"de Oliveira Zanuso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153286","article-title":"Research progress on the anti-aging potential of the active components of ginseng","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11071030","article-title":"Impact of ROS generated by chemical, physical, and plasma techniques on cancer attenuation","volume":"11","author":"Mitra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6339","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803832254","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 directly scavenges hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.18632\/genesandcancer.155","article-title":"JNK-signaling: a multiplexing hub in programmed cell death","volume":"8","author":"Dhanasekaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091208","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rh2 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating the TLR4\/PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, Raf-1\/MEK\/ERK, and Keap 1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways in mice","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.018","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb3 exerts protective properties against cigarette smoke extract-induced cell injury by inhibiting the p38 MAPK\/NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b21\/VEGF pathways in fibroblasts and epithelial cells","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib88","article-title":"The promising therapeutic potentials of ginsenosides mediated through p38 MAPK signaling inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Arafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"iyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2914","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-Induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"7729","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0629-6","article-title":"Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis","volume":"563","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X23500064","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rd inhibited ferroptosis to alleviate CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice via cGAS\/STING pathway","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.837","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 suppresses ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis by inducing DNA repair","volume":"32","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S500719","article-title":"A review of the therapeutic potential of ginseng and its bioactive components in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118447","article-title":"Biological network comparison identifies a novel synergistic mechanism of ginseng radix-astragali radix herb pair in cancer-related fatigue","volume":"333","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.12.008","article-title":"Korean red Ginseng-induced astrocytic HIF-1\u03b1: a key regulator of neuroglobin derived from neural stem cell differentiation in physiologic retina and brain","volume":"49","author":"Moon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Ginseng Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X18500969","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 decreases NHE1 expression via inhibiting EGF-EGFR-ERK1\/2-HIF-1 \u03b1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel antitumor mechanism","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib100","article-title":"Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on HIF-1a, VEGF, and ET-1 expression in mice with chronic intermittent hypoxia and pain","volume":"44","author":"Fei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.01.007","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2 upregulate Akt\/mTOR signaling\u2013mediated muscular hypertrophy and myoblast differentiation","volume":"44","author":"Go","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ginseng Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13084","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates muscle wasting by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway","volume":"13","author":"Wijaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib103","article-title":"Progress in research on antitumor drugs and dynamic changes in skeletal muscles","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118000186","article-title":"Barriers to cancer nutrition therapy: excess catabolism of muscle and adipose tissues induced by tumour products and chemotherapy","volume":"77","author":"Schiessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000382","article-title":"Preservation of muscle mass as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy on body composition","volume":"12","author":"Pin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9779","article-title":"Chemotherapy-related cachexia is associated with mitochondrial depletion and the activation of ERK1\/2 and p38 MAPKs","volume":"7","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11945","article-title":"20 (s)-ginseonside-Rg3 modulation of AMPK\/FoxO3 signaling to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in a dexamethasone-injured C2C12 myotube-based model of skeletal atrophy in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01343-5","article-title":"Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases","volume":"8","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113876","article-title":"Ginseng and ginsenosides: therapeutic potential for sarcopenia","volume":"156","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081576","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rc, an active component of Panax ginseng, alleviates oxidative stress-induced muscle atrophy via improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.09.003","article-title":"Forkhead box O signaling pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13124","article-title":"Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging","volume":"14","author":"Penniman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114145","article-title":"20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via regulation of the Akt\/mTOR\/FoxO3 pathway","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01407-w","article-title":"Ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 ameliorate dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes: X. Men et al","volume":"33","author":"Men","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13659","article-title":"Chaperone proteins: the rising players in muscle atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Acquarone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301379","article-title":"Doxorubicin causes cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty characteristics in mice","volume":"19","author":"Cella","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.64984","article-title":"Molecular-signaling pathways of ginsenosides Rb in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a mini review","volume":"19","author":"Ramli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1077249","article-title":"Red ginseng extract improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in chronic fatigue mice","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040865","article-title":"Red ginseng improves exercise endurance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and myoblast differentiation","volume":"25","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0168","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of fermented red ginseng extract on muscle atrophy in dexamethasone-induced C2C12 cell and hind limb-immobilized C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"27","author":"Men","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01702-0","article-title":"Fermented red ginseng extract improves sarcopenia-related muscle atrophy in old mice through regulation of muscle protein metabolism: G. Oh et al","volume":"34","author":"Oh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4518","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3336","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via Akt\/Endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling and the B-cell lymphoma\/B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091747","article-title":"The administration of Panax ginseng berry extract attenuates high-fat-diet-induced sarcopenic obesity in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"14","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.22246\/jikm.2018.39.6.1168","article-title":"The effect of red ginseng on sarcopenic rat","volume":"39","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ginseng Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845326000473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226845326000473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:19:29Z","timestamp":1788225569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226845326000473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226845326000473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-8453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic potential of ginseng and ginsenosides on muscle wasting disorders: Cachexia, sarcopenia, anorexia, and aging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ginseng Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2026.101021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101021"}}