{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T04:19:11Z","timestamp":1794716351387,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,14]],"date-time":"2009-03-14T06:16:12Z","timestamp":1237011372000},"page":"1134-1139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Effect of particle size on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"M.R.","family":"Sovizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.S.","family":"Hajimirsadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Naderizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(01)00297-7","article-title":"Effect of malonyl malonanilide dimers on the thermal stability of nitrocellulose","volume":"A88","author":"Hassan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2004.06.001","article-title":"The effect of the particle size of potassium chlorate in pyrotechnic compositions","volume":"138","author":"Fathollahi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01983691","article-title":"Thermal analysis studies on the boron\u2013potassium perchlorate\u2013nitrocellulose pyrotechnic system","volume":"49","author":"Berger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib4","series-title":"Pyrotechnic from the Viewpoint of Solid State Chemistry","author":"Mclain","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib5","first-page":"479","article-title":"Combustion of metalized propellants","volume":"vol. 90","author":"Price","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0269322","article-title":"Fast spectroscopy of laser-initiated nanoenergetic materials","volume":"107","author":"Yanqiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2008.05.020","article-title":"Thermoanalytical investigation on some boron-fuelled binary pyrotechnic systems","volume":"87","author":"Eslami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2005.01.002","article-title":"Thermal decomposition of pyrotechnic mixtures containing sucrose with either potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate","volume":"141","author":"Hosseini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-0063-5","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and thermal decomposition of ammonium salts of dithiocarbamic acids","volume":"79","author":"Ramos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.030","article-title":"Thermolysis of some transition metal nitrate complexes with 1,4-diamino butane ligand","volume":"B122","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-7008-x","article-title":"Characterization of the aluminum\/potassium chlorate mixtures by simultaneous thermogravimetry\u2013differential thermal analysis","volume":"84","author":"Pourmortazavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2004.10.004","article-title":"Studies on energetic compounds Part 45. Synthesis and crystal structure of disodium azotetrazole pentahydrate","volume":"A118","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.05.022","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and thermolysis of phenylenediammonium dinitrate salts","volume":"150","author":"Kapoor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2005.11.045","article-title":"Thermal behavior of aluminum powder and potassium perchlorate mixtures by DTA and TG","volume":"443","author":"Pourmortazavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-007-8470-4","article-title":"Binary system nitrocellulose from linters+ sym\u2013diethyldiphenylurea","volume":"91","author":"Ksi\u0105\u017cczak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02548782","article-title":"Studies on kinetics and mechanism of initial thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose","volume":"45","author":"Makashir","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JTAN.0000005196.74550.8f","article-title":"Intermolecular interactions and phase equilibria in nitrocellulose\u2014s-diethyldiphenylurea system","volume":"74","author":"Ksi\u0105\u017cczak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010155221958","article-title":"Estimation of the critical temperature of thermal explosion for the highly nitrated nitrocellulose using non-isothermal DSC","volume":"58","author":"Rong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010138827699","article-title":"Study on the melting process of nitrocellulose by thermal analysis method","volume":"58","author":"Binke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JTAN.0000005194.70360.c1","article-title":"Nitrocellulose porosity\u2013thermoporometry","volume":"74","author":"Ksi\u0105\u017cczak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-7332-1","article-title":"Measurement of the relaxation transitions of nitrocellulose based gunpowder","volume":"85","author":"Herder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011524517975","article-title":"Kinetic modeling of the concentrations of the stabilizer DPA and some of its consecutive products as function of time and temperature","volume":"65","author":"Bohn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/prep.19970220109","article-title":"Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 69. Analysis of the kinetics of nitrocellulose at 50\u2013500\u00b0C","volume":"22","author":"Brill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Propel. Expl. Pyrotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1002\/app.10834","article-title":"Studies on some acrylamido polymers and copolymer as stabilizers for nitrocellulose","volume":"85","author":"Hassan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.05.161","article-title":"Effect of nitrate content on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose","volume":"162","author":"Pourmortazavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(02)00136-2","article-title":"Electrospinning of polyurethane fibers","volume":"43","author":"Demir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2370(88)85006-X","article-title":"Studies on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose by pyrolysis-gas chromatography","volume":"14","author":"Huwei","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Anal. Pyrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/prep.19950200508","article-title":"Characterization of the zirconium\/potassium perchlorate\/nitrocellulose pyrotechnic system by simultaneous thermogravimetry\u2013differential thermal analysis\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Propel. Expl. Pyrotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib29","unstructured":"ASTM E 698-05, Standard test methods for Arrhenius kinetic constants for thermally unstable materials using differential scanning calorimetry and the Flynn\/Wall\/Ozawa method."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(01)00502-0","article-title":"Kinetics of Alder-ene reaction of tris(2-allylphenoxy)triphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and bismaleimides; a DSC study","volume":"374","author":"Sunitha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(00)00386-5","article-title":"Thermal stability of a plastic bonded explosive","volume":"357\u2013358","author":"Tompa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-0948-3","article-title":"Dependence of the preexponential factor on temperature","volume":"82","author":"Criado","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(99)00329-9","article-title":"Thermodynamic functions of activated complexes created in thermal decomposition processes of sulphates","volume":"344","author":"Humienik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(02)00068-0","article-title":"Critical ignition temperature","volume":"392","author":"Pickard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-006-8161-6","article-title":"A historical and current perspective on predicting thermal cook-off behavior","volume":"89","author":"Burnham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016178119729","article-title":"A computer program based on finite difference method for studying thermal initiation of explosives","volume":"68","author":"Su\u0107eska","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6031(94)80216-5","article-title":"The estimation of critical temperatures of thermal explosion for energetic materials using non-isothermal DSC","volume":"244","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389409003653?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389409003653?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T15:37:15Z","timestamp":1558193835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304389409003653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0304389409003653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}