{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1789628782985,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]],"date-time":"2013-09-29T06:20:12Z","timestamp":1380435612000},"page":"759-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide gas interactions with human skin: In vitro studies to inform skin permeation and decontamination in HAZMAT incidents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Sharyn","family":"Gaskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Pisaniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bromwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.12.006","article-title":"Acute health effects after exposure to chlorine gas released after a train derailment","volume":"27","author":"van Sickle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200610","article-title":"Rapid assessment of exposure to chlorine released from a train derailment and resulting health impact","volume":"122","author":"Wenck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pub. Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(00)90012-3","article-title":"An incident of hydrogen cyanide poisoning","volume":"18","author":"Lam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2007.02.005","article-title":"Bringing order out of chaos: effective strategies for medical response to mass chemical exposure","volume":"25","author":"Kirk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00001060","article-title":"Decontamination of mass casualties \u2013 re-evaluating existing dogma","volume":"18","author":"Levitin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2005.06.001","article-title":"Decontamination","volume":"21","author":"Houston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0035","first-page":"26","article-title":"An overview of the Health Protection Agency's research and development programme on decontamination","volume":"15","author":"Chilcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Hazards Poisons Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0040","series-title":"Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance, Annual Report","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00650.x","article-title":"Chemical agent simulant release from clothing following vapor exposure","volume":"17","author":"Feldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.02.048","article-title":"Application of skin contamination studies of ammonia gas for management of hazardous material incidents","volume":"252\/253","author":"Gaskin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0055","series-title":"Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology","article-title":"Guidance document for the conduct of skin absorption studies. OECD series on testing and assessment. Number 28","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0060","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Chlorine","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0065","series-title":"Report Prepared for the Occupational Health and Radiation Control Branch","article-title":"The generation of test atmospheres for occupational hygiene laboratory evaluation of organic vapour monitoring devices","author":"Pisaniello","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2003.10.004","article-title":"Multi-species assessment of electrical resistance as a skin integrity marker for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600751115","article-title":"Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. VII: use of excised human skin","volume":"75","author":"Bronaugh","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0080","series-title":"Australian\/New Zealand Standard 2604: 1998 Sunscreen Products \u2013 Evaluation and Classification","author":"Standards Australia","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0085","series-title":"Australian Standard 2001.4.4: 2005 Methods of Test for Textiles \u2013 Dimensional Change \u2013 Domestic Washing and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing","author":"Standards Australia","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(97)00015-5","article-title":"Electrical resistance and tritiated water permeability as indicators of barrier integrity of in vitro human skin","volume":"11","author":"Lawrence","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(98)00114-8","article-title":"Test guidelines for in vitro assessment of dermal absorption and percutaneous penetration of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"37","author":"Diembeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2004.01.003","article-title":"The Tinsley LCR Databridge Model 6401 and electrical impedance measurements to evaluate skin integrity in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Fasano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0105","series-title":"Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 91-0230. International Association of Fire Fighters, Henderson, Nevada","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.09.021","article-title":"Active ingredients in sunscreens act as topical penetration enhancers for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","volume":"195","author":"Pont","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.12.011","article-title":"Exposure data for cosmetic products: facial cleanser, hair conditioner, and eye shadow","volume":"46","author":"Loretz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120016952","article-title":"Sunscreens can increase dermal penetration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","volume":"40","author":"Brand","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669091369673","article-title":"Special considerations for conducting permeation testing of protective clothing materials with gases and chemical vapors","volume":"51","author":"Stull","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1994.10388297","article-title":"Techniques for estimating the percutaneous absorption of chemicals due to occupational and environmental exposure","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.06.007","article-title":"Derivation of single layer clothing penetration factors from the pesticide handlers exposure database","volume":"49","author":"Driver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-0127-8","article-title":"Statistical model of pesticides penetration through woven work clothing fabrics","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9753-1","article-title":"Performance of different work clothing types for reducing skin exposure to pesticides during open field treatment","volume":"83","author":"Protano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0150","series-title":"Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Cyanides","first-page":"127","article-title":"The absorption of cyanide through human skin in vitro from solutions of sodium cyanide and gaseous HCN","author":"Dugard","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0155","first-page":"315","article-title":"Skin absorption of certain gases","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240003463X","article-title":"The absorption of hydrocyanic acid vapour through the skin: with notes on other matters relating to acute cyanide poisoning","volume":"34","author":"Fairley","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389413006845?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389413006845?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T17:01:13Z","timestamp":1564160473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304389413006845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0304389413006845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide gas interactions with human skin: In vitro studies to inform skin permeation and decontamination in HAZMAT incidents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}