{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:35:59Z","timestamp":1792784159342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445904000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":299,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Chromium Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006235","name":"LBNL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T08:05:45Z","timestamp":1406189145000},"page":"87-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Polysulfide speciation and reactivity in chromate-contaminated soil"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Chrysochoou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad P.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0005","unstructured":"USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2000. In situ treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated with chromium. Technical Resource Guide, EPA 625\/R-00\/004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0010","unstructured":"IETEG (Independent Environmental Technical Evaluation Group), 2005. Chromium (VI) Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0015","unstructured":"S.W. Petersen, K.A. Hedquist, Treatability test report for calcium polysulfide in the 100-K area, DOE\/RL-2006-17, 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0020","unstructured":"P. Storch, A. Messer, D. Palmer, R. Pyrih, Pilot test for in situ geochemical fixation of chromium (VI) using calcium polysulfide, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Battelle Press, Monterey, CA, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2462\/09670513.984","article-title":"Field application of calcium polysulphide for ex situ treatment of soils contaminated with chromite ore processing residue","volume":"18","author":"Bewley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Land. Contam. Reclam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.03.052","article-title":"Calcium polysulfide treatment of chromate contaminated soil","volume":"179","author":"Chrysochoou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Haz. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.01.012","article-title":"Assessment of calcium polysulfide for the remediation of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore processing residue (COPR)","volume":"143","author":"Wazne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Haz. Mat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:12(1791)","article-title":"Treatment of CrVI in COPR using ferrous sulfate\u2013sulfuric acid or cationic polysulfides","volume":"134","author":"Tinjum","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Geoenviron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0045","unstructured":"USDOE (United States Department of Energy), 2004. Hanford site. Evaluation of Amendments for mending the ISRM barrier. Technical Assistance Project #33, Final Technical Solutions Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0050","series-title":"Remediation of chromite ore processing residue by chemical reductants","author":"Wazne","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.06.015","article-title":"A kinetic study of chromate reduction by calcium polysulfide","volume":"409","author":"Chrysochoou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Tot. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.11.003","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of chromate treatment in contaminated soil by calcium polysulfide and nanoscale zero valent iron","volume":"201\u2013202","author":"Chrysochoou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Haz. Mat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1039\/j19680000647","article-title":"The oxidation of the sulphide ion at very low concentrations in aqueous solutions","author":"Avrahami","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.02.013","article-title":"X-ray photon-in\/photon-out methods for chemical imaging","volume":"29","author":"Marcus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.08.006","article-title":"Kinetics of the chemical oxidation of polysulfide anions in aqueous solution","volume":"39","author":"Kleinjan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Jalilehvand, Sulfur not a silent element any more, Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (2006) 1256\u20131268.","DOI":"10.1039\/B417595F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Vairavamurthy, Using X-ray absorption to probe sulfur oxidation states in complex molecules, Spectrochim. Acta Part A 54 (1998) 2009\u20132017.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(98)00153-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1021\/es049514e","article-title":"Equilibrium distribution of polysulfide ions in aqueous solutions at 25\u00b0C: a new approach for the study of polysulfides\u2019 equilibria","volume":"38","author":"Kamyshny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Almkvist, K. Boye, I. Persson, K-edge XANES analysis of sulfur compounds: an investigation of the relative intensities using internal calibration, J. Synchrotron. Radiat. 17 (2010) 683\u2013688.","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049510022946"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(59)80009-8","article-title":"Constantes de dissociation de l\u2019hydrogene sulfure","volume":"1","author":"Maronny","year":"1959","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0105","unstructured":"HSDB (Hazardous Substances Databank). http:\/\/toxnet.nlm.nih.gov\/cgi-bin\/sis\/search (accessed 15 September 2013)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0110","series-title":"The chemistry of soils","author":"Sposito","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1021\/ic50083a023","article-title":"The reaction between chromate and thiosulfate. 11. The kinetics of tetrathionate","volume":"9","author":"Baldea","year":"1970","journal-title":"Formation. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ridley, Summary report on the subsurface chromium reduction treatment test at riverbank army ammunitions plant, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-TR-231326, 2007.","DOI":"10.2172\/920478"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2008.0124","article-title":"Foam delivery of calcium polysul\ufb01de to the vadose zone for chromium(VI) immobilization: a laboratory evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vadose Zone J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.1021\/es050185f","article-title":"Treatment of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore processing solid waste using a mixed reductant solution of ferrous sulfate and sodium dithionite","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2118\/3262-PA","article-title":"Chemical removal of oxygen from natural waters","volume":"23","author":"Snavely","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Petrol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2118\/4167-PA","article-title":"Reservoir stability of polymer solutions","volume":"25","author":"Knight","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Petrol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-1317(96)00002-6","article-title":"Oxidation-reduction mechanisms in iron-bearing phyllosilicates","volume":"10","author":"Stucki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0150","unstructured":"D. Lyons, G. Nickless, The lower oxy-acids of sulfur, in: G. Nickless (Ed.), Inorganic Sulphur Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 509-532."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(96)00279-7","article-title":"Thiosulfate oxidation: catalysis of synthetic sphalerite doped with transition metals","volume":"60","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00331-2","article-title":"The stability of thiosulfate in the presence of pyrite in low-temperature aqueous solutions","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022_bib0165","unstructured":"ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) ID21 Sulfur XANES database. http:\/\/www.esrf.eu\/UsersAndScience\/Experiments\/Imaging\/ID21\/php (accessed 15 September 2013)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389414005871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389414005871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T16:47:24Z","timestamp":1759596444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304389414005871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0304389414005871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polysulfide speciation and reactivity in chromate-contaminated soil","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}