{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:50:09Z","timestamp":1782899409003,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFQ0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFQ0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005196","name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-2016-BIOMA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-2016-BIOMA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013211","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1610012021002-03102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610012021002-03102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21976147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21976147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T02:06:13Z","timestamp":1625018773000},"page":"126547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tuning oxygenated functional groups on biochar for water pollution control: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"420","author":[{"given":"Lichun","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huagang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13057","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01715","article-title":"Mechanisms of the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution using biochar: a combined spectroscopic and modeling approach","volume":"52","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125100","article-title":"Enhancing biochar redox properties through feedstock selection, metal preloading and post-pyrolysis treatments","volume":"395","author":"Chacon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6862","DOI":"10.1021\/es8013612","article-title":"Adsorption of hydroxyl- and amino-substituted aromatics to carbon manotubes","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2020.100887","article-title":"Progress in biomass torrefaction: principles, applications and challenges","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123244","article-title":"Graphitic biochar catalysts from anaerobic digestion sludge for nonradical degradation of micropollutants and disinfection","volume":"384","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.05.048","article-title":"Simple approach to carboxyl-rich materials through low-temperature heat treatment of hydrothermal carbon in air","volume":"257","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1021\/es5043468","article-title":"Quantification of chemical states, dissociation constants and contents of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of biochars produced at different temperatures","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.03.086","article-title":"Engineered hydrochar composites for phosphorus removal\/recovery: lanthanum doped hydrochar prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of lanthanum pretreated rice straw","volume":"161","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.04.009","article-title":"Immobilization of phosphorus in cow manure during hydrothermal carbonization","volume":"157","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.07.016","article-title":"A synergistic combination of nutrient reclamation from manure and resultant hydrochar upgradation by acid-supported hydrothermal carbonization","volume":"243","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"Part 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.057","article-title":"Calcium-rich biochar from the pyrolysis of crab shell for phosphorus removal","volume":"198","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.07.090","article-title":"Calcium-rich biochar from crab shell: an unexpected super adsorbent for dye removal","volume":"267","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122576","article-title":"Post-engineering of biochar via thermal air treatment for highly efficient promotion of uranium(VI) adsorption","volume":"298","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib14","unstructured":"Dai, L., 2020. A Method for Fast Oxidation of Biochar and Its Production and Application, China."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1021\/cm802141h","article-title":"Carboxylate-rich carbonaceous materials via one-step hydrothermal carbonization of glucose in the presence of acrylic acid","volume":"21","author":"Demir-Cakan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.05.005","article-title":"Mechanism of the graphene oxide formation: the role of water, \u201creversibility\u201d of the oxidation, and mobility of the C\u2013O bonds","volume":"166","author":"Dimiev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.05.044","article-title":"Effects of chemical oxidation on surface oxygen-containing functional groups and adsorption behavior of biochar","volume":"207","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1021\/es4048126","article-title":"Key role of persistent free radicals in hydrogen peroxide activation by biochar: implications to organic contaminant degradation","volume":"48","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1021\/es403711y","article-title":"Aromatic and hydrophobic surfaces of wood-derived biochar enhance perchlorate adsorption via hydrogen bonding to oxygen-containing organic groups","volume":"48","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1021\/es5061512","article-title":"Manipulation of persistent free radicals in biochar to activate persulfate for contaminant degradation","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.05.036","article-title":"Photogeneration of reactive oxygen species from biochar suspension for diethyl phthalate degradation","volume":"214","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c01946","article-title":"Catalytic mechanism of K and Ca on the volatile\u2013biochar interaction for rapid pyrolysis of biomass: experimental and simulation studies","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2018.02.020","article-title":"Reactivity of solid residue from hydrothermal liquefaction of diatom in oxidizing atmosphere","volume":"90","author":"Fushimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13143163","article-title":"Facile synthesis of cauliflower leaves biochar at low temperature in the air atmosphere for Cu(II) and Pb(II) removal from water","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.10.169","article-title":"Biochar activated by oxygen plasma for supercapacitors","volume":"274","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10445","DOI":"10.1021\/es202970x","article-title":"Effects of chemical, biological, and physical aging as well as soil addition on the sorption of pyrene to activated carbon and biochar","volume":"45","author":"Hale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.01.089","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbon superstructures enriched with carboxyl groups for highly efficient uranium removal","volume":"338","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104112","article-title":"Tuning edge-oxygenated groups on graphitic carbon materials against corrosion","volume":"66","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10641","DOI":"10.1021\/es302971d","article-title":"Generalized two-dimensional perturbation correlation infrared spectroscopy reveals mechanisms for the development of surface charge and recalcitrance in plant-derived biochars","volume":"46","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/543491d","article-title":"China's decadal pollution census","volume":"543","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.098","article-title":"Nonnegligible role of biomass types and its compositions on the formation of persistent free radicals in biochar: insight into the influences on Fenton-like process","volume":"361","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123096","article-title":"Thermal oxidation activation of hydrochar for tetracycline adsorption: the role of oxygen concentration and temperature","volume":"306","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-018-0205-9","article-title":"Surface oxygenation of biochar through ozonization for dramatically enhancing cation exchange capacity","volume":"5","author":"Huff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Bioprocess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.04.160","article-title":"Effects of chemical oxidation on phenanthrene sorption by grass- and manure-derived biochars","volume":"598","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04573","article-title":"Characterization and phenanthrene sorption of natural and pyrogenic organic matter fractions","volume":"51","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.02.022","article-title":"HNO3 modified biochars for uranium (VI) removal from aqueous solution","volume":"256","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1021\/es9031419","article-title":"Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"44","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16410","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b03536","article-title":"Biochar surface oxygenation by ozonization for super high cation exchange capacity","volume":"7","author":"Kharel","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.1021\/es500906d","article-title":"Redox properties of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"48","author":"Kl\u00fcpfel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123613","article-title":"Ball milling as a mechanochemical technology for fabrication of novel biochar nanomaterials","volume":"312","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.04.018","article-title":"Method for promoting in-situ hydrochar porosity in hydrothermal carbonization of almond shells with air activation","volume":"138","author":"Ledesma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144204","article-title":"An overview on engineering the surface area and porosity of biochar","volume":"763","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113014","article-title":"Adsorption of methylene blue and Cd(II) onto maleylated modified hydrochar from water","volume":"254","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.10.142","article-title":"Adsorption of two antibiotics on biochar prepared in air-containing atmosphere: Influence of biochar porosity and molecular size of antibiotics","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.02.079","article-title":"Efficient removal of uranium using a melamineitrimesic acid-modified hydrothermal carbon-based supramolecular organic framework","volume":"544","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122142","article-title":"Oxygen-rich biochar from torrefaction: a versatile adsorbent for water pollution control","volume":"294","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9154","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c01921","article-title":"Two-dimensional perturbation correlation infrared spectroscopy for probing pyrolysis of biomass: fundamentals, applications, and mechanistic understanding","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib48","article-title":"Functional groups determine biochar properties (pH and EC) as studied by\u00a0two-dimensional C-13 NMR correlation spectroscopy","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.07.062","article-title":"Adsorption of methylene blue on natural cotton based flexible carbon fiber aerogels activated by novel air-limited carbonization method","volume":"242","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8581","DOI":"10.1021\/es404250a","article-title":"Detecting free radicals in biochars and determining their ability to inhibit the germination and growth of corn, wheat and rice seedlings","volume":"48","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38965","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA05523H","article-title":"The synergistic effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on CO2 adsorption by the glucose-potassium citrate-derived activated carbon","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2017.20390","article-title":"Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by low-temperature biochars from crop residues: role of redox reactions","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE00206E","article-title":"Emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage and conversion","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.01.182","article-title":"Removal of uranium from aqueous solution by a low cost and high-efficient adsorbent","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(02)00040-1","article-title":"Oxidation of activated carbon: application to vinegar decolorization","volume":"257","author":"Lopez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.11.058","article-title":"Relative distribution of Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105397","article-title":"Valorization of oxytetracycline fermentation residue through torrefaction into a versatile and recyclable adsorbent for water pollution control","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.05.045","article-title":"Removal of gaseous elemental mercury by hydrogen chloride non-thermal plasma modified biochar","volume":"377","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.037","article-title":"Effects of ball milling on the physicochemical and sorptive properties of biochar: experimental observations and governing mechanisms","volume":"233","author":"Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib60","article-title":"Structure and activity of activated carbon functionalized with maleic anhydride by Diels-Alder reaction","author":"Mahardiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.05.018","article-title":"Plasma-surface modification vs air oxidation on carbon obtained from peach stone: textural and chemical changes and the efficiency as adsorbents","volume":"384","author":"Maldonado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8359","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00647","article-title":"Aging induced changes in biochar's functionality and adsorption behavior for phosphate and ammonium","volume":"51","author":"Mia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(00)00220-7","article-title":"Effects of plasma oxidation on the surface and interfacial properties of carbon fibres\/polycarbonate composites","volume":"39","author":"Montes-Mor\u00e1n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.07.084","article-title":"A green method for production of nanobiochar by ball milling-optimization and characterization","volume":"164","author":"Naghdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1039\/c003479g","article-title":"Novel carbonaceous nanocomposite pellicle based on bacterial cellulose","volume":"12","author":"Nata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2016.09.013","article-title":"Surface modification of bio-char by dielectric barrier discharge plasma for Hg0 removal","volume":"156","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biochar production, activation and adsorptive applications: a review","author":"Patra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(97)00057-2","article-title":"Surface characterization of oxidized activated carbon cloth","volume":"35","author":"Polovina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/00387010.2013.868360","article-title":"Oxidation and self-reaction of carboxyl groups during coal spontaneous combustion","volume":"48","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17166","DOI":"10.1021\/ja904731q","article-title":"Active sites in graphene and the mechanism of CO2 formation in carbon oxidation","volume":"131","author":"Radovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.02.105","article-title":"Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: a review","volume":"281","author":"Ruan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.09.027","article-title":"Transformation of functional groups and environmentally persistent free radicals in hydrothermal carbonisation of lignin","volume":"270","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7068","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c00601","article-title":"Sustainable chemistry: solubilization of phosphorus from insoluble phosphate material hydroxyapatite with ozonized biochar","volume":"8","author":"Sacko","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200118b","article-title":"Diels\u2212Alder chemistry of graphite and graphene: graphene as diene and dienophile","volume":"133","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109944","article-title":"Recent advances in mechanochemical production of chemicals and carbon materials from sustainable biomass resources","volume":"130","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.01.015","article-title":"Natural oxidation of a temperature series of biochars: opposite effect on the sorption of aromatic cationic herbicides","volume":"114","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.112069","article-title":"Understanding the adsorption of heavy metals on oxygen-rich biochars by using molecular simulation","volume":"298","author":"Silos-Llamas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.01.011","article-title":"Surface modification of coconut-based activated carbon by liquid-phase oxidation and its effects on lead ion adsorption","volume":"255","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122519","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by CO2-activated biochar for improved phenolic pollutant degradation: performance and mechanism","volume":"380","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125505","article-title":"Tailored design of graphitic biochar for high-efficiency and chemical-free microwave-assisted removal of refractory organic contaminants","volume":"398","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14873","article-title":"Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8538","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02340","article-title":"Simultaneous quantification of electron transfer by carbon matrices and functional groups in pyrogenic carbon","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123386","article-title":"Application of oily sludge-derived char for lead and cadmium removal from aqueous solution","volume":"384","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA00671K","article-title":"Plasma-deposition of \u03b1-FeOOH particles on biochar using a gliding arc discharge in humid air: a green and sustainable route for producing oxidation catalysts","volume":"9","author":"Tiya-Djowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(98)00315-7","article-title":"Surface functional groups on acid-activated nutshell carbons","volume":"37","author":"Toles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2011.602448","article-title":"Effect of three different qualities of biochar on selected soil properties","volume":"42","author":"Unger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC00717J","article-title":"Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.05.062","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption of ammonium by maple wood biochar as a function of oxidation and pH","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41907","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA06419A","article-title":"Ammonium retention by oxidized biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures and residence times","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1021\/es303794d","article-title":"Transport of biochar particles in saturated granular media: effects of pyrolysis temperature and particle size","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2017.05.004","article-title":"Oxygen functionalized carbon nanocomposite derived from natural illite as adsorbent for removal of cationic and anionic dyes","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.09.017","article-title":"Use of a non-thermal plasma technique to increase the number of chlorine active sites on biochar for improved mercury removal","volume":"331","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102270","article-title":"Characterization of acid-aged biochar and its ammonium adsorption in an aqueous solution","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cp23248k","article-title":"Low-temperature combustion chemistry of biofuels: pathways in the initial low-temperature (550 K\u2013750 K) oxidation chemistry of isopentanol","volume":"14","author":"Welz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.03.023","article-title":"Gasification of non-woody biomass: a literature review","volume":"89","author":"Widjaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05569","article-title":"Selective phosphate removal from water and wastewater using sorption: process fundamentals and removal mechanisms","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121593","article-title":"Enhanced adsorption of Pb(II) onto modified hydrochar: modeling and mechanism analysis","volume":"288","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123842","article-title":"Enhanced adsorption performance and governing mechanisms of ball-milled biochar for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","volume":"385","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6276","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00362","article-title":"Effects of post-pyrolysis air oxidation of biomass chars on adsorption of neutral and ionizable compounds","volume":"50","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06487","article-title":"Insight into multiple and multilevel structures of biochars and their potential environmental applications: a critical review","volume":"52","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123311","article-title":"Effects of ball milling on the photochemistry of biochar: enrofloxacin degradation and possible mechanisms","volume":"384","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122705","article-title":"Interaction between chlortetracycline and calcium-rich biochar: enhanced removal by adsorption coupled with flocculation","volume":"382","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121794","article-title":"Pyrolysis-temperature depended electron donating and mediating mechanisms of biochar for Cr(VI) reduction","volume":"388","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.09.018","article-title":"Improving abiotic reducing ability of hydrothermal biochar by low temperature oxidation under air","volume":"172","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.05.098","article-title":"Interaction with low molecular weight organic acids affects the electron shuttling of biochar for Cr(VI) reduction","volume":"378","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.232","article-title":"Identifying the reducing capacity of biomass derived hydrochar with different post-treatment methods","volume":"643","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.09.059","article-title":"Highly selective adsorption of phosphate by pyromellitic acid intercalated ZnAl-LDHs: assembling hydrogen bond acceptor sites","volume":"260","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141545","article-title":"Facile preparation of sulfonated biochar for highly efficient removal of toxic Pb(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater","volume":"750","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.05.068","article-title":"Enhanced mercury removal by transplanting sulfur-containing functional groups to biochar through plasma","volume":"253","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-019-10019-4","article-title":"Plasma induced addition of active functional groups to biochar for elemental mercury removal","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plasma Chem. Plasma Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.005","article-title":"Ball-milled biochar for galaxolide removal: sorption performance and governing mechanisms","volume":"659","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.120783","article-title":"Amino modification of rice straw-derived biochar for enhancing its cadmium (II) ions adsorption from water","volume":"379","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.225","article-title":"Pyrolysis-temperature depended quinone and carbonyl groups as the electron accepting sites in barley grass derived biochar","volume":"232","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.117879","article-title":"Derivation of oxygen-containing functional groups on biochar under non-oxygen plasma for mercury removal","volume":"275","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1021\/jp027500u","article-title":"Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123540","article-title":"Ball milling biochar with ammonia hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide enhances its adsorption of phenyl volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","volume":"403","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-013-2441-y","article-title":"Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by carboxyl-rich hydrothermal carbon spheres through low-temperature heat treatment in air","volume":"298","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145305","article-title":"Formation and mechanisms of nano-metal oxide-biochar composites for pollutants removal: a review","volume":"767","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.176","article-title":"Novel wet pyrolysis providing simultaneous conversion and activation to produce surface-functionalized biochars for cadmium remediation","volume":"221","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121002","article-title":"Key factors and microscopic mechanisms controlling adsorption of cadmium by surface oxidized and aminated biochars","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.05.041","article-title":"Thermal treatment of biochar in the air\/nitrogen atmosphere for developed mesoporosity and enhanced adsorption to tetracycline","volume":"263","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Hazardous Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389421015120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304389421015120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T18:11:30Z","timestamp":1759601490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304389421015120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["S0304389421015120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tuning oxygenated functional groups on biochar for water pollution control: A critical review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126547","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126547"}}