{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:32:34Z","timestamp":1792715554190,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,23]],"date-time":"2006-09-23T07:29:33Z","timestamp":1158996573000},"page":"770-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Hepatitis A virus infection suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and may lead to clearance of HCV"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Deterding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Tegtmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Potthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus H.W.","family":"B\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4116.1026","article-title":"Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a virus like antigen associated with acute illness","volume":"182","author":"Feinstone","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib2","series-title":"Liver immunology","first-page":"185","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and treatment of hepatitis A","author":"Hadem","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.07.013","article-title":"Acute hepatitis A and B in patients with chronic liver disease: prevention through vaccination","volume":"118","author":"Keeffe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007","article-title":"Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1086\/314518","article-title":"The diverse patterns of hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States-implications for vaccination strategies","volume":"178","author":"Bell","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288","article-title":"Virologic and clinical expressions of reciprocal inhibitory effect of hepatitis B, C, and delta viruses in patients with chronic hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Sagnelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02523.x","article-title":"Concurrent hepatitis B and C virus infection: Is hepatitis C virus stronger?","volume":"16","author":"Liaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00195.x","article-title":"Replication status and histological features of patients with triple (B, C, D) and dual (B, C) hepatic infections","volume":"7","author":"Mathurin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.26511","article-title":"Role of hepatitis B, C, and D viruses in dual and triple infection: influence of viral genotypes and hepatitis B precore and basal core promoter mutations on viral replicative interference","volume":"34","author":"Jardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00139-7","article-title":"HAV infection in chronic liver disease: a rationale for vaccination","volume":"21","author":"Almasio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380503","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"338","author":"Vento","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00025","article-title":"Acute hepatitis A in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"131","author":"Helbling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(03)00061-6","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus infection in hepatitis C Brazilian patients","volume":"47","author":"Devalle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78838-3","article-title":"Mortality of hepatitis A in adults with hepatitis C antibodies","volume":"351","author":"Hasle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1086\/503840","article-title":"Clinical and virological improvement of hepatitis B virus-related or hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis with concomitant hepatitis A virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Sagnelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00157-9","article-title":"Case fatality rate of acute viral hepatitis in Italy: 1995\u20132000. An update","volume":"35","author":"Bianco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50366","article-title":"Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection","volume":"38","author":"Rezende","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","article-title":"Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ishak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10532","article-title":"Time course of hepatitis A viremia and viral load in the blood of human hepatitis A patients","volume":"72","author":"Normann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007247","article-title":"Classification, etiology, and considerations of outcome in acute liver failure","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890110304","article-title":"Non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees: interference with acute hepatitis A virus and chronic hepatitis B virus infections","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21212","article-title":"Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"120","author":"Bain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5584","article-title":"Impaired allostimulatory capacity of peripheral blood dendritic cells recovered from hepatitis C virus-infected individuals","volume":"162","author":"Kanto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10862","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.20.10862-10871.2003","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus structural proteins impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit in vivo induction of cellular immune responses","volume":"77","author":"Sarobe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011124","article-title":"Inhibition of natural killer cells through engagement of CD81 by the major hepatitis C virus envelope protein","volume":"195","author":"Crotta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011145","article-title":"Binding of the hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 to CD81 inhibits natural killer cell functions","volume":"195","author":"Tseng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270336","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Keeffe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80133-5","article-title":"Combination therapy of chronic hepatitis C: an important step but not the final goal!","volume":"29","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00060.x","article-title":"Clearance of HCV RNA in a chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patient during acute hepatitis B virus superinfection","volume":"19","author":"Wietzke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00303-3","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus eradication associated with hepatitis B virus superinfection and development of a hepatitis B virus specific T cell response","volume":"37","author":"Gruener","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00296-9","article-title":"Suppression of hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 and 2 by hepatitis C virus core protein","volume":"37","author":"Schuttler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.10.5823-5832.1993","article-title":"Suppression of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by hepatitis C virus core protein in HuH-7 cells","volume":"67","author":"Shih","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11392","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11392-11400.2001","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between hepatitis C virus and Influenza A virus determinant-specific cytotoxic T cells","volume":"75","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nri820","article-title":"No one is naive: the significance of heterologous T-cell immunity","volume":"2","author":"Welsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63673-5","article-title":"Dynamics of hepatitis C virus replication in human liver","volume":"163","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.65","article-title":"Noncytolytic control of viral infections by the innate and adaptive immune response","volume":"19","author":"Guidotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1395","article-title":"Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"194","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8516","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.18.8516-8523.2001","article-title":"Effect of alpha interferon on the hepatitis C virus replicon","volume":"75","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-4-723","article-title":"Interferon-alpha inhibits hepatitis C virus subgenomic RNA replication by an MxA-independent pathway","volume":"82","author":"Frese","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.06.012","article-title":"An outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection with a high case-fatality rate among injecting drug users","volume":"43","author":"Spada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882780600451X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882780600451X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:31:01Z","timestamp":1759174261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016882780600451X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S016882780600451X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hepatitis A virus infection suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and may lead to clearance of HCV","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}