{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:30:31Z","timestamp":1793136631736,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T04:32:13Z","timestamp":1243398733000},"page":"475-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cirrhotic patients: Relationship with their in-hospital outcome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dionigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Fioretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21920","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease score and systemic inflammatory response are major prognostic factors in patients with cirrhosis and acute functional renal failure","volume":"46","author":"Thabut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2003.00870.x","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis and severe sepsis","volume":"23","author":"Plessier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23205","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Amitrano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sem Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040319","article-title":"Bacterial infection, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Tandon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sem Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90441-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of arterial pressure, endogenous vasoactive systems, and renal function in cirrhotic patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of ascites","volume":"94","author":"Lach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroeneterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2842-7","article-title":"The attributable mortality of acute renal failure in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"31","author":"du Cheyron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","article-title":"Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference","volume":"101","author":"Bone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80201-9","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document","volume":"32","author":"Rimola","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib9","unstructured":"Sobel JD, Kaye D. Urinary tract infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995:662\u201390."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21443","article-title":"Renal failure and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and clinical features","volume":"45","author":"Fasolato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","article-title":"Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices","volume":"60","author":"Pugh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172","article-title":"A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Kamath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072921","article-title":"Neomicin\u2013sorbitol and lactulose in the treatment of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. A controlled. Double-blind clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Atterbury","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.009","article-title":"Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"de Franchis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230122","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club","volume":"23","author":"Arroyo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib16","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Salerno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80134-1","article-title":"Bacterial infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a multicentre prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Borzio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0934.x","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis","volume":"24","author":"Navasa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92711-1","article-title":"Relation of renal impairment and hemorrhagic diathesis to endotoxemia in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"1","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00013-1","article-title":"Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Cirera","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50038","article-title":"Increased lipopolysoccharide binding protein in cirrhotic patients with marked immune and hemodynamic derangement","volume":"37","author":"Albillos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.12.010","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by activated monocytes and altered T-cell homeostasis in ascitic alcoholic cirrhosis: amelioration with norfloxacin","volume":"40","author":"Albillos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22564","article-title":"Serum and ascitic fluid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Zapater","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190313","article-title":"Clinical significance of the evaluation of hepatic reticuloendothelial removal capacity in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"19","author":"Bolognesi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530010072037","article-title":"Leukocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and SIRS. Correlation with serum interleukin-6 levels and organ dysfunction","volume":"274","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.02.013","article-title":"Upregulation of TNF-\u03b1 production signaling pathways in monocytes from patients with advanced cirrhosis: possible role of Akt and IRAK-M","volume":"45","author":"Tazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270507","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: relationship with the development of renal failure and mortality","volume":"27","author":"Navasa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410603","article-title":"Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"341","author":"Sort","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06020-6","article-title":"Bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of variceal bleeding","volume":"353","author":"Goulis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01051-5","article-title":"Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure","volume":"125","author":"Vaquero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.10.016","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response exacerbates the neuropsychological effects of induced hyperammonemia in cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Shawcross","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.17687","article-title":"The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure","volume":"32","author":"Rolando","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00240-4","article-title":"Liver derived pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in producing intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure","volume":"37","author":"Jalan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01772.x","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: clinical course and mortality prediction","volume":"95","author":"Afessa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.038679","article-title":"Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the international ascites club","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.01.032","article-title":"Albumin dialysis reduces portal pressure acutely in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Sen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03420.x","article-title":"Acute systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic changes induced by molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment in patients with end-stage cirrhosis","volume":"26","author":"Donati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827809003717?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827809003717?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T04:50:12Z","timestamp":1545195012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827809003717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827809003717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}