{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:33:53Z","timestamp":1792704833393,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEQ20110421327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20110421327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004100","name":"Labex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011074","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T23:30:51Z","timestamp":1460503851000},"page":"S117-S131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"special_numbering":"S","title":["New antiviral targets for innovative treatment concepts for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Durantel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Zoulim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.10.006","article-title":"European code against cancer 4th edition: infections and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Villain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.5724","article-title":"Infection and cancer: the case of hepatitis B","volume":"34","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"El-Serag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021501","article-title":"Antiviral therapies and prospects for a cure of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"5","author":"Zoulim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.008","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: Virology, natural history, current management and a glimpe at future opportunities","volume":"121","author":"Gish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.002","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: assessment and modification with current antiviral therapy","volume":"62","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0035","first-page":"2185","article-title":"Hepadnaviruses","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Seeger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309809","article-title":"HBV cccDNA: viral persistence reservoir and key obstacle for a cure of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"64","author":"Nassal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301073","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses in chronic hepatitis B virus infections: towards restoration of immune control of viral infection","volume":"61","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308943","article-title":"Towards an HBV cure: state-of-the-art and unresolved questions-report of the ANRS workshop on HBV cure","volume":"64","author":"Zeisel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021576","article-title":"Hepatitis D virus: introduction and epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Rizzetto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021543","article-title":"Therapy of delta hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Yurdaydin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.08.009","article-title":"Hepatitis delta virus: From biological and medical aspects to current and investigational therapeutic options","volume":"122","author":"Alfaiate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021568","article-title":"Hepatitis D virus replication","volume":"5","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.09.011","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase \u2013 Target of current antiviral therapy and future drug development","volume":"123","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.04.002","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus ribonuclease H as a drug target","volume":"118","author":"Tavis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00128-15","article-title":"Implications of efficient hepatic delivery by tenofovir alafenamide (GS-7340) for hepatitis B virus therapy","volume":"59","author":"Murakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04617-14","article-title":"Hydroxylated tropolones inhibit hepatitis B virus replication by blocking viral ribonuclease H activity","volume":"59","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0095","article-title":"The nuclear function of Hepatitis B capsid (HBc) protein is to inhibit IFN response very early after infection of hepatocytes","volume":"58","author":"Gruffaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.6.15815","article-title":"HBc binds to the CpG islands of HBV cccDNA and promotes an epigenetic permissive state","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001162","article-title":"Nuclear export and import of human hepatitis B virus capsid protein and particles","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030505","article-title":"Analysis of liver disease, nuclear HBcAg, viral replication, and hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of HBcAg Vs. Anti-HBe positive carriers of hepatitis B virus","volume":"3","author":"Hadziyannis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0115","article-title":"HAPs hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid inhibitors block core protein interaction with the viral minichromosome and host cell genes and affect cccDNA transcription and stability","volume":"58","author":"Belloni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0120","article-title":"Assembly and release of hepatitis B virus","volume":"5","author":"Selzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3057-3060.2002","article-title":"Phenylpropenamide derivatives AT-61 and AT-130 inhibit replication of wild-type and lamivudine-resistant strains of hepatitis B virus in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Delaney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077215","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by drug-induced depletion of nucleocapsids","volume":"299","author":"Deres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.020","article-title":"Core protein: A pleiotropic keystone in the HBV lifecycle","volume":"121","author":"Zlotnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.08.012","article-title":"The main Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants resistant to nucleoside analogs are susceptible in vitro to non-nucleoside inhibitors of HBV replication","volume":"92","author":"Billioud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2152","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of HBV replication by a novel compound, GLS4, and its efficacy against adefovir-dipivoxil-resistant HBV mutations","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam, A., Ren, S., Vogel, R. et al., Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by the HBV core inhibitor NVR 3-778. In: 66th annual meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD), San Francisco, CA; 2015. Hepatology 62(Suppl. 1):223A\u2013223A.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)30845-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0155","article-title":"Evidence for ongoing low-level viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving Long-term Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy","volume":"60","author":"Marcellin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.015","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus X protein is essential to initiate and maintain virus replication after infection","volume":"55","author":"Lucifora","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.11.014","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C virus hepatocarcinogenesis: lessons learned and future challenges","volume":"305","author":"Bouchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.019","article-title":"Synthetic RNAi triggers and their use in chronic hepatitis B therapies with curative intent","volume":"121","author":"Gish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bazinet, M., Pantea, V., Cebotarescu, V., et al. Update on the safety and efficacy of REP 2139 monotherapy and subsequent combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2a in chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection in Caucasian patients. In: 66th annual meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD), San Francisco, CA; 2015. Hepatology 62(Suppl. 1): 222A\u2013222A.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(16)01073-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0180","article-title":"ARC-520 produces deep and durable knockdown of viral antigens and DNA in a phase II study in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"62","author":"Yuen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billioud G, Kruse RL, Carrillo M, Whitten-Bauer C, Gao D, Kim A, et al. In vivo reduction of hepatitis B virus antigenemia and viremia by antisense oligonucleotides. J Hepatol 2016;64:781\u2013789.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.032"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)30133-1","article-title":"Serum HBV-RNA Levels Decline Significantly In Chronic Hepatitis B patients dosed with the nucleic-acid polymer REP2139-CA","volume":"62","author":"Jansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.3.2026-2030.1994","article-title":"Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Zoulim","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decorsi\u00e8re, A., et al. Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5\/6 complex as a host restriction factor. Nature, 2016. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/.10.1038\/nature17170.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17170"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00473-12","article-title":"Identification of the disubstituted sulfonamide compounds as specific inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA formation","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243462","article-title":"Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA","volume":"343","author":"Lucifora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia Y, Stadler D, Lucifora J, Reisinger F, Webb D, H\u00f6sel M, et al. Interferon-\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 produced by T cells reduce the HBV persistence form, cccDNA, without cytolysis. Gastroenterology 2016;150:194\u2013205.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.10.004","article-title":"Targeting hepatitis B virus cccDNA using CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"123","author":"Kennedy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.01.008","article-title":"Targeting the Achilles heel of the hepatitis B virus: a review of current treatments against covalently closed circular DNA","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.68","article-title":"Targeting hepatitis B virus with CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"3","author":"Seeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5143","article-title":"In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"351","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/529468a","article-title":"Genome editing: The domestication of Cas9","volume":"529","author":"Urnov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","article-title":"Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.030","article-title":"Strategies to inhibit entry of HBV and HDV into hepatocytes","author":"Urban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24758","article-title":"Humanized chimeric uPA mouse model for the study of hepatitis B and D virus interactions and preclinical drug evaluation","volume":"55","author":"Lutgehetmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58847","article-title":"IFN-alpha inhibits HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in humanized mice by targeting the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear cccDNA minichromosome","volume":"122","author":"Belloni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502390112","article-title":"Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins prevent clearance of hepatitis B virus","volume":"112","author":"Ebert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502400112","article-title":"Eliminating hepatitis B by antagonizing cellular inhibitors of apoptosis","volume":"112","author":"Ebert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0365","article-title":"Promises and challenges of Smac Mimetics as cancer therapeutics","volume":"21","author":"Fulda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12749","article-title":"HBV and the immune response","volume":"35","author":"Ferrari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021428","article-title":"Immune response in hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.046","article-title":"Altered functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and reduced cytolytic activity of natural killer cells in patients with chronic HBV infection","volume":"143","author":"Martinet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00258","article-title":"The role of natural killer cells and CD8(+) T cells in hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Schuch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i18","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302085","article-title":"New perspectives in the therapy of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"61","author":"Lampertico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0305","article-title":"Combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and peginterferon alfa-2a increases loss of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B","author":"Marcellin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.007","article-title":"Dissecting the divergent effects of interferon-alpha on immune cells: Time to rethink combination therapy in chronic hepatitis B?","volume":"58","author":"Thimme","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.08.008","article-title":"Immune-modulators to combat hepatitis B virus infection: From IFN-\u03b1 to novel investigational immunotherapeutic strategies","volume":"122","author":"Isorce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.05.016","article-title":"BDCA3+CLEC9A+ human dendritic cell function and development","volume":"41","author":"van der Aa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/embj.201488027","article-title":"Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity and transcriptional programming","volume":"33","author":"Dalod","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.028","article-title":"Targeting innate immunity: a new step in the development of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B","volume":"144","author":"Zoulim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0335","article-title":"Ribavirin restores IFNalpha responsiveness in HCV-infected livers by epigenetic remodelling at interferon stimulated genes","author":"Testoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.003","article-title":"GS-9620, an oral agonist of Toll-like receptor-7, induces prolonged suppression of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected chimpanzees","volume":"144","author":"Lanford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.026","article-title":"Sustained efficacy and seroconversion with the Toll-like receptor 7 agonist GS-9620 in the Woodchuck model of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"62","author":"Menne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.037","article-title":"The oral toll-like receptor-7 agonist GS-9620 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","author":"Gane","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01263-15","article-title":"Viral DNA-dependent induction of innate immune response to hepatitis B virus in immortalized mouse hepatocytes","volume":"90","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.022","article-title":"Expression and Functionality of Toll- and RIG-like receptors in HepaRG Cells","volume":"63","author":"Luangsay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.7269-7272.2005","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo","volume":"79","author":"Isogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04321-14","article-title":"STING Agonists Induce an Innate Antiviral Immune Response against Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)30742-X","article-title":"Direct antiviral effects of various pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists in HBV-replicating hepatocytes","volume":"62","author":"Lucifora","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21482","article-title":"Regulation of Toll-like receptor-2 expression in chronic hepatitis B by the precore protein","volume":"45","author":"Visvanathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.05.004","article-title":"Role of Toll-like receptor 2 in the immune response against hepadnaviral infection","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.06.019","article-title":"Interplay between hepatitis B virus and TLR2-mediated innate immune responses: can restoration of TLR2 functions be a new therapeutic option?","volume":"57","author":"Durantel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.05.016","article-title":"Targeting tumor-associated macrophages with anti-CSF-1R antibody reveals a strategy for cancer therapy","volume":"25","author":"Ries Carola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00132-1","article-title":"CSF1R inhibition with emactuzumab in locally advanced diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the soft tissue: a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 study","volume":"16","author":"Cassier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3856","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"21","author":"Pallett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-014-0376-8","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccines in HBV: lessons from HCV","volume":"204","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-014-0381-y","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccines in treating chronic hepatitis B: the end of the beginning or the beginning of the end?","volume":"204","author":"Michel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.10.009","article-title":"Current status of immunomodulatory therapy in chronic hepatitis B, fifty years after discovery of the virus: Search for the \u201cmagic bullet\u201d to kill cccDNA","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305707","article-title":"Anti-HBV DNA vaccination does not prevent relapse after discontinuation of analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial\u2014ANRS HB02 VAC-ADN","volume":"64","author":"Fontaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.027","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of GS-4774, a hepatitis B virus-specific therapeutic vaccine, in healthy subjects: A randomized study","volume":"32","author":"Gaggar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.019","article-title":"A hepatitis B vaccine with a novel adjuvant","volume":"31","author":"Plotkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008354","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1008354","article-title":"T cell receptor-therapy in HBV-related hepatocellularcarcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.001","article-title":"Immunotherapy of HCC metastases with autologous T cell receptor redirected T cells, targeting HBsAg in a liver transplant patient","volume":"62","author":"Qasim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1694","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.42","article-title":"T-cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B infection: current knowledge and clinical significance","volume":"6","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27323","article-title":"Immunological aspects of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections","volume":"61","author":"Rehermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302369","article-title":"Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma","volume":"369","author":"Wolchok","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039179","article-title":"PD-1 blockage reverses immune dysfunction and hepatitis B viral persistence in a mouse animal model","volume":"7","author":"Tzeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003856","article-title":"Enhancing virus-specific immunity in vivo by combining therapeutic vaccination and PD-L1 blockade in chronic hepadnaviral infection","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.005","article-title":"Restoration of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell function by PD-1 blockade in inactive carrier patients is linked to T cell differentiation","volume":"61","author":"Bengsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.07.027","article-title":"CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases in T cell differentiation: Beyond immunosuppression","volume":"589","author":"Bono","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-13-17","article-title":"Expression of CD39 on FoxP3+ T regulatory cells correlates with progression of HBV infection","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912696","article-title":"Peginterferon plus adefovir versus either drug alone for hepatitis delta","volume":"364","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27102","article-title":"Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta","volume":"60","author":"Heidrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27102","article-title":"Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta","volume":"60","author":"Heidrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912696","article-title":"Peginterferon plus adefovir versus either drug alone for hepatitis delta","volume":"364","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.05.029","article-title":"Association between level of hepatitis D virus RNA at week 24 of pegylated interferon therapy and outcome","volume":"13","author":"Keskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)30738-8","article-title":"Myrcludex-B inhibits establishment of HDV super-infection in HBV infected mice and reduces HDV viremia in stably HBV\/HDV co-infected mice","volume":"62","author":"Volz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0520","first-page":"1279A","article-title":"A proof-of-concept Phase 2a clinical trial with HBV\/HDV entry inhibitor Myrcludex B","volume":"60","author":"Bogomolov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1021\/cb500791f","article-title":"Protein prenylation: enzymes, therapeutics, and biotechnology applications","volume":"10","author":"Palsuledesai","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00074-2","article-title":"Oral prenylation inhibition with lonafarnib in chronic hepatitis D infection: a proof-of-concept randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2A trial","volume":"15","author":"Koh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827816001239?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827816001239?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T16:19:34Z","timestamp":1655655574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827816001239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827816001239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New antiviral targets for innovative treatment concepts for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}