{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:54:58Z","timestamp":1793645698074,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journal-of-hepatology.eu","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T08:47:32Z","timestamp":1479286052000},"page":"849-859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Beta adrenergic blockade and decompensated cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Reiberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Mandorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2555","article-title":"Splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Bolognesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of portal hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28264","article-title":"Development of hyperdynamic circulation and response to beta-blockers in compensated cirrhosis with portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Villanueva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.004","article-title":"A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis","volume":"127","author":"Merkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i10.3100","article-title":"Nonselective beta-blockers in cirrhotic patients with no or small varices: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044456","article-title":"Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"353","author":"Groszmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312814","article-title":"Prevention of progression from small to large varices: are we there yet? An updated meta-analysis","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02272.x","article-title":"Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Salerno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50447","article-title":"Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"38","author":"Ruiz-del-Arbol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.04.033","article-title":"Betablockers induce cardiac chronotropic incompetence","volume":"56","author":"Krag","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301348","article-title":"The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of beta-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease","volume":"61","author":"Krag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.034","article-title":"Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a cross-over study","volume":"55","author":"Serste","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0065","first-page":"474","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: Current concepts related to diagnosis and management","volume":"15","author":"de Mattos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.005","article-title":"Nonselective beta blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"146","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951603","article-title":"Measurement of portal pressure and its role in the management of chronic liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Bosch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-012-0190-5","article-title":"Noninvasive screening for liver fibrosis and portal hypertension by transient elastography\u2013a large single center experience","volume":"124","author":"Reiberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","article-title":"Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis","volume":"143","author":"Colecchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28824","article-title":"Noninvasive tools and risk of clinically significant portal hypertension and varices in compensated cirrhosis: The \u201cAnticipate\u201d study","volume":"64","author":"Abraldes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.001","article-title":"Elastography, spleen size, and platelet count identify portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Berzigotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25806","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor as new noninvasive predictor of portal hypertension, decompensation and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Ferlitsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.027","article-title":"Detection of early portal hypertension with routine data and liver stiffness in patients with asymptomatic liver disease: a prospective study","volume":"60","author":"Augustin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.149","article-title":"The clinical use of HVPG measurements in chronic liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Bosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.048","article-title":"Acute hemodynamic response to beta-blockers and prediction of long-term outcome in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding","volume":"137","author":"Villanueva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.017","article-title":"Maintenance of hemodynamic response to treatment for portal hypertension and influence on complications of cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Villanueva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.10.014","article-title":"Clinical significance of worsening portal hypertension during long-term medical treatment in patients with cirrhosis who had been classified as early good-responders on haemodynamic criteria","volume":"52","author":"Merkel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35955","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of medical therapy vs. endoscopic ligation for the prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"123","author":"Patch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309262","article-title":"U.K. guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients","volume":"64","author":"Tripathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23775","article-title":"Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"52","author":"Serste","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.031","article-title":"Keep the sick from harm in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Dose of beta blockers matters","volume":"64","author":"Madsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311573","article-title":"Lack of consensus for usage of beta-blockers in end-stage liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Thorhauge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28502","article-title":"Beta-blockers in 2016: Still the safest and most useful drugs for portal hypertension?","volume":"63","author":"D'Amico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.12.012","article-title":"Beta blockers in cirrhosis: The window re-opens","volume":"64","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28352","article-title":"Nonselective beta-blockers do not affect mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites: Post Hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials with 1198 patients","volume":"63","author":"Bossen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.018","article-title":"Severe hyponatremia is a better predictor of mortality than MELDNa in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"57","author":"Serste","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90441-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of arterial pressure, endogenous vasoactive systems, and renal function in cirrhotic patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of ascites","volume":"94","author":"Llach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.180570","article-title":"Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"59","author":"Krag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(16)00314-7","article-title":"Progressive alterations in systemic and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics occur in patients with cirrhosis and predict death in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"64","author":"Turco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(16)01678-0","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiomyopathy and impact of the use of non selective beta blockers in end-stage liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Giannelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.018","article-title":"Treatment with non-selective beta blockers is associated with reduced severity of systemic inflammation and improved survival of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"64","author":"Mookerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310109","article-title":"Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites","volume":"31","author":"Perez-Paramo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.011","article-title":"Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Reiberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20284","article-title":"Ligation vs. propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Schepke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91168-6","article-title":"Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol vs. placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage","volume":"99","author":"Groszmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105303242202","volume":"324","author":"Poynard","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00007","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Combination endoscopic and drug therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"149","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112033052302","article-title":"Propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a controlled study","volume":"305","author":"Lebrec","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver D, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007133","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach","volume":"19","author":"D'Amico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12721","article-title":"Competing risks and prognostic stages of cirrhosis: a 25-year inception cohort study of 494 patients","volume":"39","author":"D'Amico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02038.x","article-title":"Beta-Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Senzolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12786","article-title":"The use of beta-blockers is associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Serste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306502","article-title":"Non-selective beta-blockers are associated with improved survival in patients with ascites listed for liver transplantation","volume":"64","author":"Leithead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312129","article-title":"Beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: type of beta-blocker matters","volume":"65","author":"Njei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2015.11.018","article-title":"The Beneficial Effect of Beta-Blockers in Patients With Cirrhosis, Portal Hypertension and Ascites","volume":"351","author":"Aday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.456","article-title":"Development of ascites in compensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension treated with beta-blockers","volume":"107","author":"Hernandez-Gea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13119","article-title":"Effect of propranolol on survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A nationwide study based Danish patient registers","volume":"36","author":"Bang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: From peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis","volume":"63","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311696","article-title":"Propranolol improves endothelial dysfunction in advanced cirrhosis: the 'endothelial exhaustion' hypothesis","volume":"65","author":"Brito-Azevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.007","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory role of propranolol in cirrhosis: preventing the inflammatory exhaustion?","volume":"66","author":"Brito-Azevedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23045","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of carvedilol vs. variceal band ligation for the prevention of the first variceal bleed","volume":"50","author":"Tripathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304038","article-title":"Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol","volume":"62","author":"Reiberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.028","article-title":"When should the beta-blocker window in cirrhosis close?","volume":"146","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000340","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis: is the systolic component its main feature?","volume":"27","author":"Cesari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0330","article-title":"Beta blockers and cirrhosis","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300124","article-title":"Carvedilol, a new nonselective beta-blocker with intrinsic anti- Alpha1-adrenergic activity, has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Banares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12634","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the haemodynamic effects of carvedilol compared with propranolol for portal hypertension in cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Sinagra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360612","article-title":"Randomized comparison of long-term carvedilol and propranolol administration in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis","volume":"36","author":"Banares","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0350","first-page":"CD004544","article-title":"Banding ligation vs. beta-blockers for primary prevention in oesophageal varices in adults","author":"Gluud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282748f07","article-title":"Variceal band ligation vs. beta-blockers for primary prevention of variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311527","article-title":"Red signs and not severity of cirrhosis should determine non-selective beta-blocker treatment in Child-Pugh C cirrhosis with small varices: increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome and death beyond 6 months of propranolol use","volume":"65","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0365","first-page":"5982","article-title":"Benefit of combination beta-blocker and endoscopic treatment to prevent variceal rebleeding: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.01.012","article-title":"Nonselective beta-blockers and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chirapongsathorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.016","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with covered stents increase transplant-free survival of patients with cirrhosis and recurrent ascites","volume":"152","author":"Bureau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306502","article-title":"Non-selective beta-blockers are associated with improved survival in patients with ascites listed for liver transplantation","volume":"64","author":"Leithead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.018","article-title":"Treatment with non-selective beta blockers is associated with reduced severity of systemic inflammation and improved survival of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"64","author":"Mookerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2015.11.018","article-title":"The beneficial effect of beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and ascites","volume":"351","author":"Aday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13119","article-title":"Effect of propranolol on survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a nationwide study based Danish patient registers","volume":"36","author":"Bang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24053","article-title":"Beta-blockers have no effect on outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and severe infections","volume":"53","author":"Galbois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26676","article-title":"Beta-blockers in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites","volume":"59","author":"Robins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.005","article-title":"Nonselective beta blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"146","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.948053","article-title":"Beta-blockers in cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a retrospective cohort study and review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Kimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28352","article-title":"Nonselective beta-blockers do not affect mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites: Post Hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials with 1198 patients","volume":"63","author":"Bossen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312129","article-title":"Beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: type of beta-blocker matters","author":"Njei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23775","article-title":"Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"52","author":"Serste","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.034","article-title":"Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a cross-over study","volume":"55","author":"Serste","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12786","article-title":"The use of beta-blockers is associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Serste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311527","article-title":"Red signs and not severity of cirrhosis should determine non-selective beta-blocker treatment in Child-Pugh C cirrhosis with small varices: increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome and death beyond 6 months of propranolol use","volume":"65","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882781630647X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882781630647X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]],"date-time":"2019-09-15T12:42:13Z","timestamp":1568551333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016882781630647X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S016882781630647X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726994159.793526731","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beta adrenergic blockade and decompensated cirrhosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}