{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:26:26Z","timestamp":1791246386602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journal-of-hepatology.eu","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T03:46:27Z","timestamp":1487216787000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Carvedilol use is associated with improved survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalida A.","family":"Lockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nethmee","family":"Mallawaarachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John N.","family":"Plevris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62152-2","article-title":"Liver disease in the UK: a Lancet Commission","volume":"382","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812103392407","article-title":"Carvedilol","volume":"339","author":"Frishman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01190.x","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of acute and chronic administration of low-dose carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker, in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Tripathi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00007","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Combination endoscopic and drug therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"149","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.456","article-title":"Development of ascites in compensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension treated with beta-blockers","volume":"107","author":"Hernandez-Gea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02038.x","article-title":"Beta-Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Senzolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.018","article-title":"Treatment with non-selective beta blockers is associated with reduced severity of systemic inflammation and improved survival of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"64","author":"Mookerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2015.11.018","article-title":"The beneficial effect of beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and ascites","volume":"351","author":"Aday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010902","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010902","article-title":"Carvedilol for portal hypertension in cirrhosis: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309262","article-title":"U.K. guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients","volume":"64","author":"Tripathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148868","article-title":"Carvedilol improves inflammatory response, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats by regulating Kuppfer cells and hepatic stellate cells","volume":"11","author":"Araujo Junior","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23775","article-title":"Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"52","author":"Serste","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.034","article-title":"Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a cross-over study","volume":"55","author":"Serste","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23852","article-title":"Beta-blockers in cirrhosis: friend and foe?","volume":"52","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301348","article-title":"The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of beta-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease","volume":"61","author":"Krag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311573","article-title":"Lack of consensus for usage of beta-blockers in end-stage liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Thorhauge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80108-1","article-title":"Acute and chronic haemodynamic and renal effects of carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Stanley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23045","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of carvedilol versus variceal band ligation for the prevention of the first variceal bleed","volume":"50","author":"Tripathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901512","article-title":"Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"362","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.06.004","article-title":"Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"53","author":"de Franchis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.065","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis","volume":"133","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.131730","article-title":"Selection of patients for liver transplantation and allocation of donated livers in the UK","volume":"57","author":"Neuberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478551","article-title":"Fine tuning some resistant rules for outlier labeling","volume":"82","author":"Hoaglin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group","volume":"17","author":"D'Agostino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0135","first-page":"2","article-title":"A step-by-step guide to propensity score matching in R","volume":"19","author":"Randolph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"MatchIt: Nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","volume":"8","author":"Ho DE","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306502","article-title":"Non-selective beta-blockers are associated with improved survival in patients with ascites listed for liver transplantation","volume":"64","author":"Leithead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312129","article-title":"Beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: type of beta-blocker matters","volume":"65","author":"Njei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827817300739?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827817300739?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T03:14:54Z","timestamp":1536290094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827817300739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827817300739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carvedilol use is associated with improved survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}