{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:11:20Z","timestamp":1793106680469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"South-African PSC Patient Foundation"},{"name":"the Netherlands Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T10:48:16Z","timestamp":1567248496000},"page":"1237-1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Ursodeoxycholic acid in pregnancy?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Elsemieke","family":"de Vries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Beuers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.009","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0521","article-title":"Drug insight: mechanisms and sites of action of ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestasis","volume":"3","author":"Beuers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00519.x","article-title":"Bile formation and secretion","volume":"3","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250104","article-title":"Decreased anion exchanger 2 immunoreactivity in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"25","author":"Medina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70564-0","article-title":"Assessment of biliary bicarbonate secretion in humans by positron emission tomography","volume":"117","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25691","article-title":"Up-regulation of microRNA 506 leads to decreased Cl-\/HCO3- anion exchanger 2 expression in biliary epithelium of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Banales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23810","article-title":"The biliary HCO3- umbrella: a unifying hypothesis on pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of fibrosing cholangiopathies","volume":"52","author":"Beuers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24691","article-title":"A biliary HCO3- umbrella constitutes a protective mechanism against bile acid-induced injury in human cholangiocytes","volume":"55","author":"Hohenester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.023","article-title":"New paradigms in the treatment of hepatic cholestasis: from UDCA to FXR, PXR and beyond","volume":"62","author":"Beuers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90433-D","article-title":"Effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on cytosolic Ca2+ signals in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"104","author":"Beuers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0060","first-page":"G243","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholate mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ and activates phosphorylase a in isolated hepatocytes","volume":"264","author":"Bouscarel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116921","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid stimulates hepatocellular exocytosis and mobilizes extracellular Ca++ mechanisms defective in cholestasis","volume":"92","author":"Beuers","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613063","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid activates protein kinase C in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"110","author":"Beuers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050126","article-title":"Ca2+-dependent cytoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on the biliary epithelium in a rat model of cholestasis and loss of bile ducts","volume":"168","author":"Marzioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24034","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inserts the apical conjugate export pump, Mrp2, into canalicular membranes and stimulates organic anion secretion by protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms in cholestatic rat liver","volume":"33","author":"Beuers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(02)80033-0","article-title":"Bile acid-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and cholestatic liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Guicciardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01792.x","article-title":"Systematic review: ursodeoxycholic acid\u2013adverse effects and drug interactions","volume":"18","author":"Hempfling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23082","article-title":"High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020611","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid vs. chenodeoxycholic acid as cholesterol gallstone-dissolving agents: a comparative randomized study","volume":"2","author":"Roda","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0105","first-page":"757","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Parizek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80216-0","article-title":"Long-term effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a double-blind controlled multicentric trial. UDCA-Cooperative Group from the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"32","author":"Pares","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160315","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Beuers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703063361003","article-title":"Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo primary sclerosing cholangitis-ursodeoxycholic acid study group","volume":"336","author":"Lindor","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.252544","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates colonic epithelial secretory function","volume":"591","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90134-D","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: no evidence for toxicity in the stages I to III","volume":"10","author":"Lotterer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0135","first-page":"11","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis with the emphasis on late stage disease","volume":"41","author":"Kneppelhout","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190512","article-title":"The Canadian Multicenter Double-blind randomized controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"19","author":"Heathcote","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2013.838253","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid induced generalized fixed drug eruption","volume":"33","author":"Ozkol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307592","article-title":"Lichen planus associated with chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution","volume":"37","author":"Ellul","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00606.x","article-title":"Effect of cholestyramine on bile acid pattern and synthesis during administration of ursodeoxycholic acid in man","volume":"30","author":"Rust","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02717.x","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis","volume":"17","author":"Glasova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20568","article-title":"No relevant effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on cytochrome P450 3A metabolism in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"41","author":"Dilger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-007-0217-z","article-title":"Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral midazolam in healthy volunteers","volume":"377","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.113482","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid causing exacerbation of dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"45","author":"Stroubou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.2.354","article-title":"Reduction in serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin after administration of ursodiol to a patient with hepatobiliary disease","volume":"19","author":"Belliveau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01176.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction of midazolam with ursodeoxycholic acid, ketoconazole and dexamethasone by brain benzodiazepine receptor occupancy","volume":"63","author":"Misaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.030","article-title":"Pregnancy and liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Westbrook","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26565","article-title":"Population-based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Boonstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328331c2b7","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical course of primary sclerosing cholangitis in France: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Garioud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.036","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease score predicts outcome in cirrhotic patients during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Westbrook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.12.005","article-title":"Sex and age are determinants of the clinical phenotype of primary biliary cirrhosis and response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"144","author":"Carbone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13794","article-title":"The inter-relationship of symptom severity and quality of life in 2055 patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"44","author":"Dyson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.029","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with ursodeoxycholic acid-treated primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Poupon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.05.008","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Efe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.11.030","article-title":"Good maternal and fetal outcomes for pregnant women with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Trivedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8433-z","article-title":"Pregnancy and primary biliary cirrhosis: a case-control study","volume":"48","author":"Floreani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0240","first-page":"266","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review featuring a women's health perspective","volume":"2","author":"Marchioni Beery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23294","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"51","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.159","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy","volume":"52","author":"Alstead","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228924","article-title":"Pregnancy in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"60","author":"Wellge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.011","article-title":"A population-based cohort study of pregnancy outcomes among women with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"12","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2049","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Geenes","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20336","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Relationships between bile acid levels and fetal complication rates","volume":"40","author":"Glantz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31877-4","article-title":"Association of adverse perinatal outcomes of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy with biochemical markers: results of aggregate and individual patient data meta-analyses","volume":"393","author":"Ovadia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32188-X","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: changes in maternal-fetal bile acid balance and improvement by ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"1","author":"Brites","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36088","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease: mechanisms of action and therapeutic use revisited","volume":"36","author":"Paumgartner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.004","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Bacq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004949","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid in treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a meta-analysis (a prisma-compliant study)","volume":"95","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0996.x","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. A 12-year experience","volume":"25","author":"Zapata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q626","article-title":"Use of fenofibrate during the first trimester of unplanned pregnancy in a patient with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"46","author":"Sunman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09077.x","article-title":"Severe fetal intracranial haemorrhage during treatment with cholestyramine for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"102","author":"Sadler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.019","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid versus cholestyramine in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"129","author":"Kondrackiene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/379271","article-title":"Tuberculosis in pregnancy: a review","volume":"2012","author":"Loto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002794","article-title":"Adjuvant use of rifampin for refractory intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.03.020","article-title":"Rifampicin in the treatment of severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"189","author":"Geenes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0335","first-page":"188","article-title":"Therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis in pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Rudi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.06.002","article-title":"Safe use of ursodeoxycholic acid in a breast-feeding patient with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Vitek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80255-9","article-title":"Elevated levels of bile acids in colostrum of patients with cholestasis of pregnancy are decreased following ursodeoxycholic acid therapy [see comemnts]","volume":"29","author":"Brites","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1996.tb00754.x","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"16","author":"Janczewska","year":"1996","journal-title":"Liver"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827819304878?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827819304878?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:38:11Z","timestamp":1759174691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827819304878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827819304878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in pregnancy?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}