{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:14:28Z","timestamp":1784621668451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":350,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1593429641000},"page":"1434-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Personalized surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis\u00a0\u2013 using machine learning adapted to HCV status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Audureau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Carrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2855-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Layese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Cagnot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarik","family":"Asselah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Guyader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Larrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"De L\u00e9dinghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Ouzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Zoulim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Roulot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Bronowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Zarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan","family":"Riachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4866-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Cal\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"P\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Alric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Bourli\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Mathurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armand","family":"Abergel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Chazouill\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Mallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Didier","family":"Grang\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Attali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"d'Alteroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Wartelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00f4ng","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Thabut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Pilette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Silvain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Christidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Nguyen-Khac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Bernard-Chabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7682-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zucman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Nahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28961","article-title":"Early detection and curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis in France and in the United States","volume":"65","author":"Cadier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.027","article-title":"Compliance with hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance guidelines associated with increased lead-time adjusted survival of patients with compensated viral cirrhosis: a multi-center cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Costentin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.035","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Nahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24545","article-title":"Ultrasonographic surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a randomized trial comparing 3- and 6-month periodicities","volume":"54","author":"Trinchet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001624","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001624","article-title":"Early detection, curative treatment, and survival rates for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Singal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3147","article-title":"MRI with liver-specific contrast for surveillance of patients with cirrhosis at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.015","article-title":"Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct antiviral therapy for HCV in patients with cirrhosis included in surveillance programs","volume":"155","author":"Nahon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.07.056","article-title":"Trends in burden of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by underlying liver disease in US veterans, 2001-2013","volume":"149","author":"Beste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.045","article-title":"A\u00a0new laboratory-based algorithm to predict development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis","volume":"146","author":"El-Serag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-014-9413-1","article-title":"Rationale and applications of survival tree and survival ensemble methods","volume":"80","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27743","article-title":"Complications and competing risks of death in compensated viral cirrhosis (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort)","volume":"62","author":"Trinchet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30034","article-title":"Extrahepatic cancers are the leading cause of death in patients achieving hepatitis B virus control or hepatitis C virus eradication","volume":"68","author":"Allaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.10.024","article-title":"Prognostic value of viral eradication for major adverse cardiovascular events in hepatitis C cirrhotic patients","volume":"198","author":"Cacoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28702","article-title":"Nomogram for individualized prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis (ANRS CO12 CirVir)","volume":"64","author":"Ganne-Carrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.009","article-title":"Eradication of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with cirrhosis reduces risk of liver and non-liver complications","volume":"152","author":"Nahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310275","article-title":"Bacterial infection in compensated viral cirrhosis impairs 5-year survival (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort)","volume":"66","author":"Nahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20933","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Bruix","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update","volume":"53","author":"Bruix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"53","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.06.004","article-title":"Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"53","author":"de Franchis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)60010-5","article-title":"Antiviral strategies in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"56","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.026","article-title":"EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2018","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32111-1","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral treatment: a prospective cohort study","volume":"393","author":"Carrat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X133933","article-title":"Unbiased recursive partitioning: a conditional inference framework","volume":"15","author":"Hothorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Graphical Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2010.02.020","article-title":"Consistency of random survival forests","volume":"80","author":"Ishwaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Probab Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-307","article-title":"Conditional variable importance for random forests","volume":"9","author":"Strobl","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxt059","article-title":"Concordance for prognostic models with competing risks","volume":"15","author":"Wolbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib30","series-title":"Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis","article-title":"Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models","author":"FE","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607452","article-title":"HCC risk scores: useful or not?","volume":"37","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.030","article-title":"Recent decline in hepatocellular carcinoma rates in the United States","volume":"158","author":"Shiels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.02.025","article-title":"Factors that affect efficacy of ultrasound surveillance for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Del Poggio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2017.26","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of risk score-stratified hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Goossens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30330","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance imaging is cost-effective for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in high risk patients with cirrhosis","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29498","article-title":"Projections of primary liver cancer to 2030 in 30 countries worldwide","volume":"67","author":"Valery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820303949?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820303949?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:39:58Z","timestamp":1759174798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827820303949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827820303949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Personalized surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis\u00a0\u2013 using machine learning adapted to HCV status","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}