{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:31:36Z","timestamp":1782930696671,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR179-TP04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR179-TP04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272983813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC1160-IMPATH A06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1160-IMPATH A06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T21:27:54Z","timestamp":1603488474000},"page":"649-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["IL-2 contributes to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction by impairing follicular T helper cells in advanced cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Kristi","family":"Basho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Zoldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schultheiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Bettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Globig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Bengsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Neumann-Haefelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Klocperk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Warnatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Thimme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Boettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196704","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/196704","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhosis of liver","volume":"2013","author":"Roni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-012-0300-6","article-title":"Immunizations in chronic liver disease: what should be done and what is the evidence","volume":"15","author":"Leise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.02.031","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and infections in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Bonnel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.8313","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in cirrhotic patients on liver transplant waiting list","volume":"6","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1086\/315245","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccine response in cirrhosis and liver transplantation","volume":"181","author":"McCashland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01315210","article-title":"Hyperglobulinemia in alcoholic cirrhosis. Relationship with portal hypertension and intrahepatic portal-systemic shunting as assessed by Kupffer cell uptake","volume":"25","author":"Pomier-Layrargues","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317205","article-title":"Cirrhotic hyperglobulinemia: increased rates of immunoglobulin synthesis by circulating lymphoid cells","volume":"24","author":"Berger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"7818","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91827-8","article-title":"Hyperglobulin\u00e6mia IN liver disease","volume":"301","author":"Triger","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26494","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26494","article-title":"ICOS(+)PD-1(+)CXCR3(+) T follicular helper cells contribute to the generation of high-avidity antibodies following influenza vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Bentebibel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.031","article-title":"Human circulating PD-1+CXCR3-CXCR5+ memory Tfh cells are highly functional and correlate with broadly neutralizing HIV antibody responses","volume":"39","author":"Locci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw313","article-title":"Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data","volume":"32","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function","volume":"192","author":"Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"5943","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175870","article-title":"Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"325","author":"Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aag2152","article-title":"Successive annual influenza vaccination induces a recurrent oligoclonotypic memory response in circulating T follicular helper cells","volume":"2","author":"Herati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24689","article-title":"Dysfunctional B-cell activation in cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C infection associated with disappearance of CD27-positive B-cell population","volume":"55","author":"Doi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.907335","article-title":"B-cell\u2013associated immune profiles in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Jhun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36862","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36862","article-title":"Endotoxemia contributes to CD27+ memory B-cell apoptosis via enhanced sensitivity to Fas ligation in patients with Cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1205756","article-title":"Pivotal advance: activation of cell surface Toll-like receptors causes shedding of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163","volume":"80","author":"Weaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.4.711","article-title":"Endotoxin induces rapid metalloproteinase-mediated shedding followed by up-regulation of the monocyte hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163","volume":"72","author":"Hintz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4929","article-title":"Interleukin 2 leads to dose-dependent expression of the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor on CD25-negative T lymphocytes in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation","volume":"97","author":"Sereti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101243","article-title":"Control of immunity by the TNFR-related molecule OX40 (CD134)","volume":"28","author":"Croft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3229","article-title":"The transcription factor TCF-1 initiates the differentiation of T(FH) cells during acute viral infection","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.049","article-title":"TCF1 is required for the T follicular helper cell response to viral infection","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3226","article-title":"LEF-1 and TCF-1 orchestrate T(FH) differentiation by regulating differentiation circuits upstream of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5852","article-title":"A\u00a0model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts","volume":"31","author":"Malinchoc","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4148","article-title":"Low-dose interleukin-2 treatment selectively modulates CD4(+) T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00134-8","article-title":"Serum cytokine levels in alcohol-related cirrhosis","volume":"23","author":"Daniluk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.10.006","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in cirrhosis: distinct cytokines phenotypes according to cirrhosis severity","volume":"77","author":"Dirchwolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1155\/S0962935193000018","article-title":"Biological significance of soluble IL-2 receptor","volume":"2","author":"Caruso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05450.x","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice","volume":"82","author":"Wagner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-38","article-title":"Elevated circulating soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with chronic liver diseases is associated with non-classical monocytes","volume":"12","author":"Seidler","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance","volume":"61","author":"Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111174","article-title":"STAT5 is a potent negative regulator of TFH cell differentiation","volume":"209","author":"Johnston","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11234","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.324046","article-title":"STAT5 protein negatively regulates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell generation and function","volume":"287","author":"Nurieva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.02.012","article-title":"Interleukin-2 inhibits germinal center formation by limiting T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"36","author":"Ballesteros-Tato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.002","article-title":"Differential roles of IL-2 signaling in developing versus mature Tregs","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-017-0002-5","article-title":"Targeting IL-2: an unexpected effect in treating immunological diseases","volume":"3","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12781","article-title":"Increased regulatory T cells in patients with cirrhosis correlated with hyperbilirubinemia and predict bacterial complications","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3837","article-title":"Dynamic regulation of T follicular regulatory cell responses by interleukin 2 during influenza infection","volume":"18","author":"Botta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705551114","article-title":"A\u00a0distinct subpopulation of CD25- T-follicular regulatory cells localizes in the germinal centers","volume":"114","author":"Wing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aan0368","article-title":"Tfr cells lack IL-2R\u03b1 but express decoy IL-1R2 and IL-1Ra and suppress the IL-1-dependent activation of Tfh cells","volume":"2","author":"Ritvo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.061","article-title":"TCF1 and LEF1 control Treg competitive survival and Tfr development to prevent autoimmune diseases","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06352-3","article-title":"Human intrahepatic CD69\u00a0+ CD8+ T cells have a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype with reduced cytolytic capacity","volume":"7","author":"Stelma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317071","article-title":"Fine needle aspirates comprehensively sample intrahepatic immunity","volume":"68","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20162115","article-title":"IL-2high tissue-resident T cells in the human liver: sentinels for hepatotropic infection","volume":"214","author":"Pallett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.1.134","article-title":"MELD scoring system is useful for predicting prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and is correlated with residual liver function: a European study","volume":"52","author":"Botta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31820e014e","article-title":"MELD score less than 15 predicts prolonged survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites after liver transplantation","volume":"91","author":"Feyssa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01485.x","article-title":"Association between model for end-stage liver disease and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"102","author":"Obstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw7636","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-2 responsiveness by IL-6 is required for the generation of GC-TFH cells","volume":"4","author":"Papillion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01475-7","article-title":"IL-2 imprints human naive B cell fate towards plasma cell through ERK\/ELK1-mediated BACH2 repression","volume":"8","author":"Hipp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200301","article-title":"IL-2 requirement for human plasma cell generation: coupling differentiation and proliferation by enhancing MAPK-ERK signaling","volume":"189","author":"Le Gallou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421463112","article-title":"Inflammation negatively regulates FOXP3 and regulatory T-cell function via DBC1","volume":"112","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01915","article-title":"Hyperactive follicular helper T cells contribute to dysregulated humoral immunity in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14866","article-title":"CXCR5+ CD4+ T cell subsets and their relationship to immune dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2018.02.001","article-title":"Levels of circulating follicular helper T cells, T helper 1 cells, and the prognostic significance of soluble form of CD40 ligand on survival in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"2","author":"Hollister","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.005","article-title":"Virus-specific CD4+ T cells have functional and phenotypic characteristics of follicular T-helper cells in patients with acute and chronic HCV infections","volume":"150","author":"Raziorrouh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129642","article-title":"Follicular T helper cells shape the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire after virus elimination","volume":"130","author":"Smits","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122739","article-title":"The injured liver induces hyperimmunoglobulinemia by failing to dispose of antigens and endotoxins in the portal system","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820336928?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820336928?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:55:16Z","timestamp":1777510516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827820336928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827820336928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"IL-2 contributes to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction by impairing follicular T helper cells in advanced cirrhosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}