{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:34:06Z","timestamp":1793313246957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T18:58:50Z","timestamp":1621796330000},"page":"S36-S48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Transition to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure: Role of predisposing factors and precipitating events"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5537-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Gustot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Stadlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Laleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Alessandria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Thursz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27795","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatic injury is distinct from that precipitated by extrahepatic insults","volume":"62","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9816-z","article-title":"Liver failure determines the outcome in patients of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): comparison of APASL ACLF research consortium (AARC) and CLIF-SOFA models","volume":"11","author":"Choudhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.013","article-title":"The PREDICT study uncovers three clinical courses of acutely decompensated cirrhosis that have distinct pathophysiology","author":"Trebicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.09.004","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"70","author":"Labenz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000062","article-title":"Increasing economic burden in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: analysis of a national database","volume":"10","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.029","article-title":"The Laennec staging system for histological sub-classification of cirrhosis is useful for stratification of prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04094.x","article-title":"Fibrosis distribution in explanted cirrhotic livers","volume":"60","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21103","article-title":"Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C","volume":"43","author":"Sanyal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib10","article-title":"Disease progression in patients with hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antiviral agents","author":"Mendizabal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28280","article-title":"Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B viral infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Lok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib12","first-page":"CD000551","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Rudic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31042","article-title":"Impact of alcohol use disorder treatment on clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis","volume":"71","author":"Rogal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"133","author":"Ripoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.013","article-title":"Hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a systematic review","volume":"131","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31875-0","article-title":"\u03b2 blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"393","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.8.761","article-title":"Aldosterone related blood volume expansion in cirrhosis before and during the early phase of ascites formation","volume":"24","author":"Bernardi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib18","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Effect of potassium canrenoate, an anti-aldosterone agent, on incidence of ascites and variceal progression in cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"Bolondi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00324-6","article-title":"Systemic and regional hemodynamics in pre-ascitic cirrhosis: effects of posture","volume":"39","author":"Bernardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0022-7","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080532","article-title":"Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: a proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Schrier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib22","first-page":"164","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club","volume":"23","author":"Arroyo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0809139","article-title":"Renal failure in cirrhosis","volume":"361","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2012","article-title":"Renal autoregulation in health and disease","volume":"95","author":"Carlstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.10.055","article-title":"Relationship between activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renal blood flow autoregulation in cirrhosis","volume":"134","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1159\/000363584","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study to evaluate renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis by simultaneous glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, renal resistive indices and biomarkers measurements","volume":"39","author":"Mindikoglu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4261-8","article-title":"Diabetes is associated with clinical decompensation events in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib28","article-title":"Bacterial infection in compensated viral cirrhosis impairs 5-year survival (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort)","author":"Nahon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.008","article-title":"Diabetes does not increase infection risk or mortality following an infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"1","author":"Bossen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep Innov Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12762","article-title":"Frailty predicts waitlist mortality in liver transplant candidates","volume":"14","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transpl Off J Am Soc Transpl Am Soc Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","article-title":"Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29791","article-title":"Diet affects gut microbiota and modulates hospitalization risk differentially in an international cirrhosis cohort","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48352-5","article-title":"Biomarkers for oralization during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy predict survival in cirrhosis","author":"Horvath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.58","article-title":"The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease","author":"Sommer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib35","article-title":"Disease severity and proton pump inhibitor use impact strongest on faecal microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.043","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors alter specific taxa in the human gastrointestinal microbiome: a crossover trial","volume":"149","author":"Freedberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12000","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48352-5","article-title":"Biomarkers for oralization during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy predict survival in cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Horvath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0085-9","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor initiation and withdrawal affects gut microbiota and readmission risk in cirrhosis","volume":"113","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310376","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome","volume":"65","author":"Imhann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1647280","article-title":"The impact of proton pump inhibitors on the intestinal microbiota in chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"54","author":"Wellh\u00f6ner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09932-9","article-title":"Influence of proton pump inhibitors on microbiota in chronic liver disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib42","first-page":"753","article-title":"Long-term use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors predict development of infections in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00796-x","article-title":"Gastric acid suppression promotes alcoholic liver disease by inducing overgrowth of intestinal Enterococcus","volume":"8","author":"Llorente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019","article-title":"Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications","volume":"60","author":"Bajaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","article-title":"Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases","volume":"146","author":"Schnabl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02609.x","article-title":"Altered intestinal tight junctions\u2019 expression in patients with liver cirrhosis: a pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal hyperpermeability","volume":"42","author":"Assimakopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib47","first-page":"576","article-title":"High serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein is associated with increased mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"37","author":"Agiasotelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98019","article-title":"Gut microbial RNA and DNA analysis predicts hospitalizations in cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199907000-00013","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in liver cirrhosis: relationship with severe septic complications","volume":"11","author":"Campillo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14474","article-title":"Soluble CD163 and soluble mannose receptor predict survival and decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis, and correlate with gut permeability and bacterial translocation","volume":"47","author":"Rainer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.10.056","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: novel insights in impaired adaptive immunity","volume":"50","author":"Liaskou","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537649","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7537649","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and albumin-related immunity in liver cirrhosis","volume":"2019","author":"Wilde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance","volume":"61","author":"Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0421-9","article-title":"Hemodynamic studies in acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"54","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib55","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Cardiodynamic state is associated with systemic inflammation and fatal acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"40","author":"Praktiknjo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1182","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha is an important mediator of portal and systemic haemodynamic derangements in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Mookerjee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23918","article-title":"Bacterial DNA translocation is associated with systemic circulatory abnormalities and intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"52","author":"Bellot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib58","first-page":"11595","article-title":"Circulating levels of butyrate are inversely related to portal hypertension, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Juanola","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.011","article-title":"Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Reiberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.10.009","article-title":"The FXR agonist obeticholic acid prevents gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in cholestatic rats","volume":"185","author":"Verbeke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1191","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00252.2011","article-title":"Effects of the combined administration of propranolol plus sorafenib on portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats","volume":"302","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50447","article-title":"Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"38","author":"Ruiz-del-Arbol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20766","article-title":"Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Ruiz-del-Arbol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000492791","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome or hepatocardiorenal syndrome: revisiting basic concepts in view of emerging data","volume":"9","author":"Kazory","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.004","article-title":"Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)","volume":"60","author":"Cordoba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.028","article-title":"Association between portosystemic shunts and increased complications and mortality in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"154","author":"Sim\u00f3n-Talero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1942","article-title":"Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Aggeletopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib68","article-title":"Defective monocyte oxidative burst predicts infection in alcoholic hepatitis and is associated with reduced expression of NADPH oxidase","author":"Vergis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.045","article-title":"Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure have increased numbers of regulatory immune cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase MERTK","volume":"148","author":"Bernsmeier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.11.034","article-title":"Evidence of neutrophil functional defect despite inflammation in stable cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Tritto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12836","article-title":"Circulating granulocyte lifespan in compensated alcohol-related cirrhosis: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Potts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12787","article-title":"Increased delayed mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure who have prior decompensation","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320170","article-title":"Differential inflammasome activation predisposes to acute-on-chronic liver failure in human and experimental cirrhosis with and without previous decompensation","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30135","article-title":"Oxidized albumin triggers a cytokine storm in leukocytes through P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: role in systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"68","author":"Alcaraz-Quiles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.06.013","article-title":"Oxidative albumin damage in chronic liver failure: relation to albumin binding capacity, liver dysfunction and survival","volume":"59","author":"Oettl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib76","first-page":"2425","article-title":"Ischaemia-modified albumin: a marker of bacterial infection in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Giannone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22913","article-title":"Alterations in the functional capacity of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality","volume":"50","author":"Jalan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27322","article-title":"Posttranscriptional changes of serum albumin: clinical and prognostic significance in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"60","author":"Domenicali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166458","article-title":"TLR4\/CD14 variants-related serologic and immunologic dys-regulations predict severe sepsis in febrile de-compensated cirrhotic patients","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000002","article-title":"Common NOD2 risk variants as major susceptibility factors for bacterial infections in compensated cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Reichert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib81","first-page":"646","article-title":"Genetic variants of innate immunity receptors are associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection","volume":"40","author":"Schaapman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib82","first-page":"223","article-title":"NOD2 gene variants are a risk factor for culture-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and monomicrobial bacterascites in cirrhosis","volume":"32","author":"Bruns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000878","article-title":"Influence of genetic variations in the SOD1 gene on the development of ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in decompensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"29","author":"Schwab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14856","article-title":"Impact of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 rs738409 G\/G genotype on hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.017","article-title":"Epigenetic basis for monocyte dysfunction in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"73","author":"Weichselbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib86","article-title":"PREDICT identifies precipitating events associated with the clinical course of acutely decompensated cirrhosis","author":"Trebicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013","volume":"60","author":"Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28740","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"64","author":"Cl\u00e0ria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1159\/000375352","article-title":"Infection as a trigger for portal hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Steib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib90","article-title":"The changing burden of alcoholic hepatitis: rising incidence and associations with age, gender, race, and geography","author":"Doshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.016","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of alcoholic hepatitis in Denmark 1999-2008: a nationwide population based cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Sandahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-115","article-title":"Early liver biopsy, intraparenchymal cholestasis, and prognosis in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Spahr","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.021","article-title":"The role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute deterioration of alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Mookerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.019","article-title":"Microbiome as a therapeutic target in alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Sarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30617","article-title":"Biomarkers of macrophage activation and immune danger signals predict clinical outcomes in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"70","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11004-3","article-title":"Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Argemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30182","article-title":"Preemptive-TIPS improves outcome in high-risk variceal bleeding: an observational study","volume":"69","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0910102","article-title":"Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding","volume":"362","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.024","article-title":"Rebleeding and mortality risk are increased by ACLF but reduced by pre-emptive TIPS","author":"Trebicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.014","article-title":"Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, clinical practice guideline panel: chair:, panel members, EASL governing board representative: EASL clinical practice guidelines: drug-induced liver injury","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2017.1252749","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: is chronic liver disease a risk factor and a clinical issue?","volume":"13","author":"Teschke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.006","article-title":"Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN prospective study","volume":"148","author":"Chalasani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.007","article-title":"Hepatic decompensation during direct-acting antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C","volume":"64","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000201","article-title":"Drug-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in asian patients","volume":"114","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18017","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.17","volume":"4","author":"Mieli-Vergani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-005-0035-7","volume":"8","author":"Ahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30205","article-title":"Flare of autoimmune hepatitis causing acute on chronic liver failure: diagnosis and response to corticosteroid therapy","volume":"70","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90030-6","article-title":"Autoimmune features as determinants of prognosis in steroid-treated chronic active hepatitis of uncertain etiology","volume":"85","author":"Czaja","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20732","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome","volume":"42","author":"Feld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.191760","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis-related cirrhosis: clinical features and effectiveness of immunosuppressive treatment in Chinese patients","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21787","article-title":"Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Montano-Loza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8608895","article-title":"Prognosis of histological cirrhosis in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"110","author":"Roberts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.033","article-title":"Hepatitis B flares in chronic hepatitis B: pathogenesis, natural course, and management","volume":"61","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802273033","article-title":"Chronic cirrhotic hepatitis B patients with a high incidence of hepatic decompensation after viral breakthrough with lamivudine-resistant mutants and during rescue treatment","volume":"43","author":"Joo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.007","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: Wilson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib119","first-page":"811","article-title":"Diagnostic value of quantitative hepatic copper determination in patients with Wilson\u2019s Disease","volume":"3","author":"Ferenci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90949-9","article-title":"Dangers of non-compliance in Wilson\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Walshe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0598-588","article-title":"Hepatic failure and liver cell damage in acute Wilson\u2019s disease involve CD95 (APO-1\/Fas) mediated apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Strand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.02.006","article-title":"Wilson disease presenting with acute on chronic liver failure: a single-center experience of outcome and predictors of mortality in 68 patients","volume":"9","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib123","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, Clinical practice guidelines panel, Wendon, Panel members, Cordoba J, Dhawan A, et\u00a0al. EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines on the management of acute (fulminant) liver failure","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib124","first-page":"201","article-title":"Is hepatitis A more severe in patients with chronic hepatitis B and other chronic liver diseases?","volume":"90","author":"Keeffe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01906.x","article-title":"Review article: hepatitis vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Reiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9098535","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9098535","article-title":"Role of hepatitis E virus infection in acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"2018","author":"Frias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2015-000050","article-title":"Hepatic decompensation in the absence of obvious precipitants: the potential role of cytomegalovirus infection\/reactivation","volume":"2","author":"Rosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib128","first-page":"1781","article-title":"Chronic autoimmune hepatitis with Epstein-Barr virus superinfection: a case report and review of literature","volume":"55","author":"Koay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib129","article-title":"Cirrhosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in US Veterans: risk of infection, hospitalization, ventilation and mortality","author":"Ioannou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib130","article-title":"Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study","author":"Marjot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"44","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019","article-title":"Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis","volume":"139","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23500","article-title":"Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a Danish population-based cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Jepsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820338423?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827820338423?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:42:32Z","timestamp":1759174952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827820338423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":133,"alternative-id":["S0168827820338423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transition to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure: Role of predisposing factors and precipitating events","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}