{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:44:33Z","timestamp":1790790273151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T01:27:00Z","timestamp":1611883620000},"page":"64-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Hypoxia inducible factors regulate hepatitis B virus replication by activating the basal core promoter"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2354-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.C.","family":"Wing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3608-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Jianrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Michler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6870-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7269-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene","family":"Borrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Minisini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen M.","family":"Wettengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Mailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"D\u2019Arienzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3236-4442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0467-8989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3196-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Weekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Pirisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Heikenwalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8864-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester M.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0984-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Mole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Protzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6246-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Balfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane A.","family":"McKeating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.061","article-title":"Insights from antiviral therapy into immune responses to hepatitis B and C virus infection","volume":"156","author":"Rehermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.002","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: assessment and modification with current antiviral therapy","volume":"62","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30119-0","article-title":"A\u00a0global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B","volume":"4","author":"Revill","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.10.031","article-title":"The replication cycle of hepatitis B virus","volume":"52","author":"Urban","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29479","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA: implications for epigenetic therapy against chronic hepatitis B","volume":"66","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5032","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.11.5032-5039.2000","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus core promoter is strongly activated by the liver nuclear receptor fetoprotein transcription factor or by ectopically expressed steroidogenic factor 1","volume":"74","author":"Gilbert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9151-4_3","article-title":"The regulation of HBV transcription and replication","volume":"1179","author":"Oropeza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091300405","article-title":"The structural and functional unit in the human liver (liver acinus)","volume":"130","author":"Rappaport","year":"1958","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.16.070196.001143","article-title":"Zonation of parenchymal and nonparenchymal metabolism in liver","volume":"16","author":"Jungermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.008","article-title":"New horizons in hypoxia signaling pathways","volume":"356","author":"Pugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.008","article-title":"HIF transcription factors, inflammation, and immunity","volume":"41","author":"Palazon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15476","article-title":"If it's not one thing, HIF's another: immunoregulation by hypoxia inducible factors in disease","author":"Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.08.012","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus genome recycling and de novo secondary infection events maintain stable cccDNA levels","volume":"69","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D566","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1022","article-title":"HBVdb: a knowledge database for Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"41","author":"Hayer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib15","first-page":"167","article-title":"Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze age to the medieval period","volume":"522","author":"M\u00fchlemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.058","article-title":"Insights from deep sequencing of the HBV genome-unique, tiny, and misunderstood","volume":"156","author":"McNaughton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv302","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging and pharmacodynamics study of roxadustat (FG-4592) to treat anemia in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) patients","volume":"30","author":"Besarab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243462","article-title":"Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA","volume":"343","author":"Lucifora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.028","article-title":"Full-length 5'RACE identifies all major HBV transcripts in HBV-infected hepatocytes and patient serum","volume":"73","author":"Stadelmayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70865-7","article-title":"Hypoxic gene expression in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients is not observed in state-of-the-art in\u00a0vitro and mouse infection models","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6158","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.10.6158-6169.1995","article-title":"High-level hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice","volume":"69","author":"Guidotti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21065","article-title":"Single-cell spatial reconstruction reveals global division of labour in the mammalian liver","volume":"542","author":"Halpern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib24","article-title":"The CCCTC-binding factor CTCF represses hepatitis B virus enhancer I and regulates viral transcription","author":"D'Arienzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5343","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks190","article-title":"Identification of a binding motif specific to HNF4 by comparative analysis of multiple nuclear receptors","volume":"40","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00215-1","article-title":"RORalpha controls hepatic lipid homeostasis via negative regulation of PPARgamma transcriptional network","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw0112","article-title":"Conserved N-terminal cysteine dioxygenases transduce responses to hypoxia in animals and plants","volume":"365","author":"Masson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2014.08.006","article-title":"Extensive double humanization of both liver and hematopoiesis in FRGN mice","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00790-17","article-title":"PGC1alpha transcriptional adaptor function governs hepatitis B virus replication by controlling HBcAg\/p21 protein-mediated capsid formation","volume":"91","author":"Shalaby","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900355","article-title":"A\u00a0dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating HBV cccDNA and RT-dependent particle genesis","volume":"2","author":"Wing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(91)90146-L","article-title":"Mechanism of maintenance of liver-specific functions by DMSO in cultured rat hepatocytes","volume":"194","author":"Villa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2174\/138920006778017759","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation process of isolated hepatocytes and their cultures","volume":"7","author":"Elaut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201846401","article-title":"Inherent DNA-binding specificities of the HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha transcription factors in chromatin","volume":"20","author":"Smythies","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib34","article-title":"A\u00a0PCR assay to quantify patterns of HBV transcription","author":"D'Arienzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83339","article-title":"In situ analysis of intrahepatic virological events in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0241","article-title":"RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg","volume":"9","author":"Wooddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90343-5","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA and human flanking regions in the genome of the PLC\/PRF\/5 cell line","volume":"64","author":"Rivkina","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1998.17.415","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus integrant that results in chromosomal rearrangement","volume":"17","author":"Su","year":"1998","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020160","article-title":"Host transcription factors in hepatitis B virus RNA synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Turton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000175477.33816.f3","article-title":"Sex differences in blood pressure response to intermittent hypoxia in rats","volume":"46","author":"Hinojosa-Laborde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113075","article-title":"Sex and age differentially affect GABAergic neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following chronic intermittent hypoxia","volume":"325","author":"Rubin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31153","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8866","article-title":"Estrogen-dependent downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha in invasive breast cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Fuady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.045","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha represses transcription of HBV genes via interaction with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i32.4295","article-title":"Female hepatology: favorable role of estrogen in chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Shimizu","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02091-1","article-title":"Molecular basis of sex difference in neuroprotection induced by hypoxia preconditioning in zebrafish","volume":"57","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.05.026","article-title":"OH, the places you'll go! Hydroxylation, gene expression, and cancer","volume":"58","author":"Ploumakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0405-x","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced human deoxyribonuclease I is a cellular restriction factor of hepatitis B virus","volume":"4","author":"Hallez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0145-7","article-title":"Sequence analysis of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA during HBeAg-seroconversion","volume":"7","author":"Budzinska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.133926.111","article-title":"The effects of hepatitis B virus integration into the genomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30007-4","article-title":"Defective T-cell immunity in hepatitis B virus infection: why therapeutic vaccination needs a helping hand","volume":"3","author":"Maini","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.116.107706","article-title":"Advances in hypoxia-mediated mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"92","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.057","article-title":"Development of direct-acting antiviral and host-targeting agents for treatment of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"156","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.01.009","article-title":"Autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor signalling regulates hepatitis C virus replication","volume":"66","author":"Farquhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.018","article-title":"A\u00a0dual role for hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in the hepatitis C virus lifecycle and hepatoma migration","volume":"56","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02534-12","article-title":"Low oxygen tension enhances hepatitis C virus replication","volume":"87","author":"Vassilaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.06.018","article-title":"Oxygen tension level and human viral infections","volume":"444","author":"Morinet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.11.030","article-title":"Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"70","author":"Testoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.04.004","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor Activators in renal anemia: current clinical experience","volume":"26","author":"Sanghani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827821000428?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827821000428?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:42:13Z","timestamp":1759174933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827821000428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827821000428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypoxia inducible factors regulate hepatitis B virus replication by activating the basal core promoter","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}