{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:15:05Z","timestamp":1786745705623,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":348,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T15:46:55Z","timestamp":1632930415000},"page":"174-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorders in the direct-acting antiviral era: From mixed cryoglobulinaemia to B-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Patrice","family":"Cacoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clo\u00e9","family":"Comarmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9713-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"R\u00e9gnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Saadoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2204::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C","volume":"42","author":"Cacoub","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2033539","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection","volume":"384","author":"Cacoub","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0009-4","article-title":"Cryoglobulinaemia","volume":"4","author":"Roccatello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.1.101","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of non-hodgkin lymphomas in a multicenter case file of patients with hepatitis C virus\u2013related symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemias","volume":"165","author":"Monti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313983","article-title":"The effect of sustained virological response on the risk of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"67","author":"Mahale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx635","article-title":"From hepatitis C virus infection to B-cell lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Couronn\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.05.004","article-title":"Cryoglobulinemia after the era of chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"50","author":"Boleto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00005","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis C virus infection. A prospective multicenter study of 321 patients. The GERMIVIC. Groupe d\u2019Etude et de Recherche en Medecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses sur le Virus de l\u2019Hepatite C","volume":"79","author":"Cacoub","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.025","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Gisbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.2259","article-title":"Regression of lymphoproliferative disorder after treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in a patient with partial trisomy 3, Bcl-2 overexpression, and type II cryoglobulinemia","volume":"99","author":"Casato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1711","article-title":"Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes, associated with type II cryoglobulinemia and HCV infection: a new entity?","volume":"105","author":"Saadoun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.06.022","article-title":"Viral elimination reduces incidence of malignant lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C","volume":"120","author":"Kawamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000606","article-title":"Extrahepatic malignancy among patients with chronic hepatitis C after\u00a0antiviral therapy: a real-world nationwide study on Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort (T-COACH)","volume":"115","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib14","first-page":"2078","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and risk of lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies","volume":"15","author":"Dal Maso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib15","first-page":"451","article-title":"Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among 4784 cases and 6269 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium","volume":"6","author":"Sanjose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib16","first-page":"3069","article-title":"Hematopoietic malignancies associated with viral and alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp454","article-title":"Subcutaneous \u201clipoma-like\u201d B-cell lymphoma associated with HCV infection: a new presentation of primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT","volume":"21","author":"Paulli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00005","article-title":"Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies in patients with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"129","author":"Andreone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.18.2010","article-title":"Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus","volume":"297","author":"Giordano","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.021","article-title":"Increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C infection, 2006-2010","volume":"63","author":"Allison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3250","article-title":"Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other extrahepatic malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Ferri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.2.776.776_776_782","article-title":"Characterization of overt B-cell lymphomas in patients with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"90","author":"De Vita","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2575","article-title":"Lymphomas associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective multicenter cohort study from the Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL) clinical network","volume":"37","author":"Rattotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31110","article-title":"Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients","volume":"142","author":"Hosry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-2145","article-title":"Long-term outcome of hepatitis C infection after bone marrow transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Peffault de Latour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib26","first-page":"101575","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-related vasculitis","author":"Boleto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem132","article-title":"Hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a crossroad between autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation","volume":"46","author":"Saadoun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2598","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell deficiency in patients with hepatitis C-mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis","volume":"103","author":"Boyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.011","article-title":"Predominance of type 1 (Th1) cytokine production in the liver of patients with HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis","volume":"41","author":"Saadoun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib30","first-page":"6550","article-title":"Expansion of functionally anergic CD21-\/low marginal zone-like B cell clones in hepatitis C virus infection-related autoimmunity","volume":"187","author":"Terrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-101717","article-title":"Clonal expansion of immunoglobulin M+CD27+ B cells in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"111","author":"Charles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.029","article-title":"TLR9 signalling in HCV-associated atypical memory B cells triggers Th1 and rheumatoid factor autoantibody responses","volume":"71","author":"Comarmond","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-243071","article-title":"Complement receptor 2\/CD21- human naive B cells contain mostly autoreactive unresponsive clones","volume":"115","author":"Isnardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.037","article-title":"Direct-acting antiviral therapy restores immune tolerance to patients with hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia vasculitis","volume":"152","author":"Comarmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib35","first-page":"628","article-title":"Long-lasting persistence of large B-cell clones in hepatitis C virus-cured patients with complete response of mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis","volume":"39","author":"Visentini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31804","article-title":"Hematological and genetic markers in the rational approach to patients with HCV sustained virological response with or without persisting cryoglobulinemic vasculitis","author":"Gragnani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0303971101","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus induces a mutator phenotype: enhanced mutations of immunoglobulin and protooncogenes","volume":"101","author":"Machida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620715623924","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas: what do we know?","volume":"7","author":"Vannata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509402102","article-title":"Activation of na\u00efve B lymphocytes via CD81, a pathogenetic mechanism for hepatitis C virus-associated B lymphocyte disorders","volume":"102","author":"Rosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1080\/1042819031000076972","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lymphomagenesis","volume":"44","author":"Weng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8079","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8079-8089.2005","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus E2-CD81 interaction induces hypermutation of the immunoglobulin gene in B cells","volume":"79","author":"Machida","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6711","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02582-07","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced immunoglobulin hypermutation reduces the affinity and neutralizing activities of antibodies against HCV envelope protein","volume":"82","author":"Machida","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.03.031","article-title":"Association of t(14;18) translocation with HCV infection in gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas","volume":"49","author":"Libra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00008","article-title":"Prevalence of bcl-2 rearrangement in patients with hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia with or without B-cell lymphomas","volume":"137","author":"Zignego","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13882","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13882","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus has a genetically determined lymphotropism through co-receptor B7.2","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0154","article-title":"Induction of interleukin-6 by hepatitis C virus core protein in hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Feldmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel177","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated B-cell proliferation--the role of serum B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS\/BAFF)","volume":"46","author":"S\u00e8ne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00321-06","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus triggers mitochondrial permeability transition with production of reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage and STAT3 activation","volume":"80","author":"Machida","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8835","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.16.8835-8843.2004","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection activates the immunologic (type II) isoform of nitric oxide synthase and thereby enhances DNA damage and mutations of cellular genes","volume":"78","author":"Machida","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12531","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01136-12","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus activates Bcl-2 and MMP-2 expression through multiple cellular signaling pathways","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.364","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus upregulates B-cell receptor signaling: a novel mechanism for HCV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"35","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091373","article-title":"B-cell-intrinsic hepatitis C virus expression leads to B-cell-lymphomagenesis and induction of NF-\u03baB signalling","volume":"9","author":"Kasama","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.29","article-title":"Dysregulation of global microRNA expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma and influence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"26","author":"Peveling-Oberhag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2014-202352","article-title":"MicroRNA as potential biomarker in HCV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"67","author":"Augello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.116855","article-title":"The NOTCH pathway is recurrently mutated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"100","author":"Arcaini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.08.018","article-title":"EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C: final update of the series\u2606","volume":"73","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib57","first-page":"518","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of interferon-free antiviral treatment regimens in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis","volume":"17","author":"Cacoub","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15240","article-title":"The effects of sustained virological response to direct-acting anti-viral therapy on the risk of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection","volume":"49","author":"El-Serag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040176","article-title":"Direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV-associated glomerular disease and the current evidence","volume":"8","author":"Fabrizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathog Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28297","article-title":"Treatment of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia with direct-acting antiviral agents","volume":"63","author":"Sise","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28753","article-title":"Prospective study of guideline-tailored therapy with direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"64","author":"Gragnani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.03.006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for treatment of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis","volume":"153","author":"Saadoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib63","first-page":"575","article-title":"Virologic, clinical, and immune response outcomes of patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemia treated with direct-acting antivirals","volume":"15","author":"Bonacci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.49","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of direct acting antivirals for the treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"112","author":"Emery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001239","article-title":"Are direct-acting antivirals safe and effective in hepatitis C virus-cryoglobulinemia? virological, immunological, and clinical data from a\u00a0real-life experience","volume":"30","author":"Passerini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208339","article-title":"Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis: VASCUVALDIC study","volume":"75","author":"Saadoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.010","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations on the management of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"66","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.06.008","article-title":"Recommendations for managing the manifestations of severe and life-threatening mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Galli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.07.005","article-title":"Treatment with rituximab in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome: results of multicenter cohort study and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Ferri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28977","article-title":"Reply","volume":"65","author":"Zignego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000390","article-title":"Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: how to handle","volume":"29","author":"Desbois","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3246","article-title":"Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis","volume":"23","author":"Zignego","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.024","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis after virologic cure","volume":"155","author":"Bonacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib74","first-page":"247","article-title":"Plasma exchange for treating cryoglobulinemia: a descriptive analysis","volume":"42","author":"Rockx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci Off J World Apher Assoc Off J Eur Soc Haemapheresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21856","article-title":"Using rituximab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as a treatment for refractory mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with lymphoma","volume":"65","author":"Saadoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105143","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis","volume":"365","author":"Saadoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S114067","article-title":"Managing refractory cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: challenges and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Ostojic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820942617","article-title":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis C-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis at the era of direct-acting antivirals","author":"Comarmond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1389","article-title":"Eradication of hepatitis C virus is associated with reduction in hematologic malignancies: major differences between interferon and direct-acting antivirals","volume":"3","author":"Ioannou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib80","first-page":"411","article-title":"The oncologic burden of hepatitis C virus infection: a clinical perspective","volume":"67","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.03.004","article-title":"International therapeutic guidelines for patients with HCV-related extrahepatic disorders. A multidisciplinary expert statement","volume":"16","author":"Zignego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib82","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and non-hepatocellular malignancies in the DAA era: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Masarone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-714667","article-title":"Interferon-free antiviral treatment in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"128","author":"Arcaini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0687-2","article-title":"Interferon-free compared to interferon-based antiviral regimens as first-line therapy for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"34","author":"Frigeni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e720","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0331","article-title":"Direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas","volume":"24","author":"Merli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29364","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of new direct antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"67","author":"Persico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy585","article-title":"Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14845","article-title":"Interferon-free therapy in hepatitis C virus mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a prospective, controlled, clinical and quality of life analysis","volume":"48","author":"Gragnani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827821020845?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827821020845?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:43:12Z","timestamp":1759174992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827821020845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827821020845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorders in the direct-acting antiviral era: From mixed cryoglobulinaemia to B-cell lymphoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}