{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:14:04Z","timestamp":1793060044704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007131","name":"Texas Tech University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05.823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05.823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Centre for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["256073931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["256073931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272983813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BR 4182\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR 4182\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TP22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403224013\/B07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403224013\/B07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB1382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T11:10:49Z","timestamp":1703589049000},"page":"564-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Efficient formation and maintenance of humoral and CD4 T-cell immunity targeting the viral capsid in acute-resolving hepatitis E infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Csernalabics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea Stefan","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Kelsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Zoldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Panning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Reuken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Bengsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Neumann-Haefelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8410-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Thimme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viet Loan","family":"Dao Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Boettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080211","article-title":"Hepatitis E seroprevalence in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hartl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.005","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"68","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a032144","article-title":"Transmission and epidemiology of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4 infections","volume":"8","author":"Dalton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.022","article-title":"The burden of hepatitis E among patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective European cohort study","volume":"71","author":"von Felden","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24738","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific T-cell responses are associated with control of HEV infection","volume":"55","author":"Suneetha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033472","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses in hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus infections","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.036","article-title":"Resolution of hepatitis E virus infection in CD8+ T cell-depleted rhesus macaques","volume":"75","author":"Bremer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.019","article-title":"Mechanisms of CD8+ T-cell failure in chronic hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Kemming","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000421","article-title":"Soluble ORF2 protein enhances HEV replication and induces long-lasting antibody response and protective immunity in\u00a0vivo","author":"Ralfs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15337-2","article-title":"Stem cell-derived polarized hepatocytes","volume":"11","author":"Dao Thi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00889-z","article-title":"Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.07.002","article-title":"Virus-host cell interplay\u00a0during hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"29","author":"Wi\u00dfing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib13","first-page":"14","article-title":"Induction of hepatitis E virus anti-ORF3 antibodies from systemic administration of a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector","author":"Maurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.011","article-title":"Follicular helper cell biology: a decade of discovery and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Crotty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.031","article-title":"Human circulating PD-1+CXCR3-CXCR5+ memory Tfh cells are highly functional and correlate with broadly neutralizing HIV antibody responses","volume":"39","author":"Locci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300013","article-title":"Exogenous OX40 stimulation during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection impairs follicular Th cell differentiation and diverts CD4 T cells into the effector lineage by upregulating blimp-1","volume":"191","author":"Boettler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.016","article-title":"OX40 stimulation and PD-L1 blockade synergistically augment HBV-specific CD4 T cells in patients with HBeAg-negative infection","volume":"70","author":"Jacobi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.007","article-title":"Naive CD4+ T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude","volume":"27","author":"Moon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129642","article-title":"Follicular T helper cells shape the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire after virus elimination","volume":"130","author":"Smits","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27064-3","article-title":"Pre-existing immunity and vaccine history determine hemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cell and IgG response following seasonal influenza vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Wild","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42737-2","article-title":"New insights into the ORF2 capsid protein, a key player of the hepatitis E virus lifecycle","volume":"9","author":"Ankavay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1842","article-title":"An RNA interference\/adeno-associated virus vector-based combinatorial gene therapy approach against hepatitis E virus","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01510-4","article-title":"CD4+ T cell memory","author":"K\u00fcnzli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.009","article-title":"Opposing signals from the Bcl6 transcription factor and the interleukin-2 receptor generate T helper 1 central and effector memory cells","volume":"35","author":"Pepper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28819","article-title":"Characterization of the specificity, functionality, and durability of host T-cell responses against the full-length hepatitis E virus","volume":"64","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1719","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus: neutralizing\u00a0sites, diagnosis, and protective immunity","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib27","first-page":"266","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus ORF 1 induces proliferative and functional T-cell responses in patients with ongoing and resolved hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Al-Ayoubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"E\u00a0Liver International : Official Journal Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02002-09","article-title":"Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) strains in serum samples can replicate efficiently in cultured cells despite the coexistence of HEV antibodies: characterization of HEV virions in blood circulation","volume":"48","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0179-6","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies raised against the ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) can capture HEV particles in culture supernatant and serum but not those in feces","volume":"153","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu032","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus reinfections in solid-organ-transplant recipients can evolve into chronic infections","volume":"209","author":"Abravanel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4307-6","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis E after kidney transplantation with an antibody response suggestive of reinfection: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Panning","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.4969","article-title":"Cutting edge: long-term B cell memory in humans after smallpox vaccination 1","volume":"171","author":"Crotty","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/nm917","article-title":"Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.09.022","article-title":"T\u00a0cell immunity to hepatitis C virus: lessons for a prophylactic vaccine","volume":"74","author":"Thimme","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.68-76.2003","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Thimme","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827823053709?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827823053709?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:56:43Z","timestamp":1777510603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827823053709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827823053709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.10.19.563038","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficient formation and maintenance of humoral and CD4 T-cell immunity targeting the viral capsid in acute-resolving hepatitis E infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}