{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:32:08Z","timestamp":1793406728859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007844","name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-001370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-001370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0016\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0016\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/TCR\/014-NUHS\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/TCR\/014-NUHS\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/OFLCG19May-0038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/OFLCG19May-0038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1351\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1351\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1479\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1479\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health -Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1714590195000},"page":"33-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Sex and ethnic disparities in hepatitis B evaluation and treatment across the world"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sahith","family":"Kudaravalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Lun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7061-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie Y.","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vy H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsunamasa","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Monica","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.L.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rex","family":"Wan-Hin Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Atsukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7983-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3374-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Uojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina X.Z.","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htet Htet","family":"Toe Wai Khine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Itokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Seok","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritsuzo","family":"Kozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca Ioana","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Sandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Q.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8717-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Yoshimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang K.H.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4507-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Hao","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul-jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9863-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2376-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Long","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2296-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2752-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee-Fu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Carlos","family":"Gadano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man-Fung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsey","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seng Gee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy N.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Lung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindie H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9","article-title":"Global burden of hepatitis B virus: current status, missed opportunities and a call for action","volume":"20","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00124-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib3","article-title":"Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study","volume":"S2468\u20131253","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib4","series-title":"Care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-19","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus: Advances in Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis","volume":"8","author":"de Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000459","article-title":"Antiviral therapy substantially reduces HCC risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in the indeterminate phase","volume":"78","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13774","article-title":"Reduction of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti-viral therapy, including low risk patients","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.008","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: virology, natural history, current management and a glimpse at future opportunities","volume":"121","author":"Gish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.008","article-title":"Hepatitis B cure: from discovery to regulatory approval","volume":"67","author":"Lok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28280","article-title":"Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B viral infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Lok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14801","article-title":"Anti-viral therapy is associated with improved survival but is underutilised in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world east and west experience","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.012","article-title":"Poor adherence to guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection at primary care and referral practices","volume":"17","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1844","article-title":"Diagnosis rates of chronic hepatitis B in privately insured patients in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.019","article-title":"Substantial gaps in evaluation and treatment of patients with hepatitis B in the US","volume":"76","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020","article-title":"Utilization of antiviral therapy for patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide real-world US study","volume":"21","author":"Kudaravalli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30307-1","article-title":"Estimating the proportion of people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection eligible for hepatitis B antiviral treatment worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published correction appears in Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;6(2):e1]","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib18","first-page":"1225","volume":"34","author":"Lok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chronic Hepatitis B Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21513","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B","volume":"45","author":"Lok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009","volume":"50","author":"Lok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hep- atology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28156","article-title":"AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"63","author":"Terrault","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","article-title":"Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance","volume":"67","author":"Terrault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23640","article-title":"Identification and external validation of the optimal FIB-4 and APRI thresholds for ruling in chronic hepatitis B related liver fibrosis in tertiary care settings","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib24","first-page":"S3","article-title":"EASL international consensus conference on hepatitis B. 13-14 September, 2002 Geneva, Switzerland. Consensus statement (long version)","volume":"39","author":"de Franchis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.001","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4","article-title":"Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update","volume":"10","author":"Sarin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"JSH guidelines for the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"44","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.11.008","article-title":"Taiwan consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"118","author":"Chien","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17601.3","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: evidence to inform elimination efforts","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.062","article-title":"Progression rates by age, sex, treatment, and disease activity by AASLD and EASL criteria: data for precision medicine","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib33","article-title":"Sex differences in treatment response to nucleos(t)ide therapy in chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter longitudinal study","volume":"19","author":"Chau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i30.2955","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection in immigrant populations","volume":"7","author":"Coppola","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30831","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among foreign-born and U.S.-Born adults in the United States, 1999-2016","volume":"71","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16125","article-title":"Review article: current gaps and opportunities in HBV prevention, testing and linkage to care in the United States-a call for action","volume":"53","author":"Yeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17254","article-title":"Impact of advanced practice providers on characteristics and quality of care of patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"56","author":"Kam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0277","article-title":"History and future of hepatitis B virus control in South Korea [published correction appears in Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022 Oct;28(4):939]","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22367","article-title":"Association of nationwide hepatitis B vaccination and antiviral therapy programs with end-stage liver disease burden in taiwan","volume":"5","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12897","article-title":"Current activities and future directions of comprehensive hepatitis control measures in Japan: the supportive role of the Hepatitis Information Center in building a solid foundation","volume":"47","author":"Oza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32142","article-title":"Optimizing hepatitis B virus screening in the United States using a simple demographics-based model","volume":"75","author":"Ramrakhiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186660","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography and Fibroscan for detecting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2026.05.005","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2026.05.005","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827824001624?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827824001624?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T16:40:56Z","timestamp":1783960856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827824001624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827824001624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex and ethnic disparities in hepatitis B evaluation and treatment across the world","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}