{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1794040592434,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":350,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T16:30:43Z","timestamp":1730478643000},"page":"535-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Is there a safe limit for consumption of alcohol?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jessica Ann","family":"Musto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0380-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Ronan","family":"Lucey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib1","series-title":"Alcohol Use and Your Health. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib2","series-title":"Alcohol\u2019s Effects on Health. Research-based information on drinking and its impact","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2017.78.20","article-title":"The relationship between drinking pattern, social capital, and area-deprivation: findings from the health survey for England","volume":"78","author":"Ng Fat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3265-9","article-title":"Unravelling the alcohol harm paradox: a population-based study of social gradients across very heavy drinking thresholds","volume":"16","author":"Lewer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201242","article-title":"Why residents of Dutch deprived neighbourhoods are less likely to be heavy drinkers: the role of individual and contextual characteristics","volume":"67","author":"Kuipers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7308a1","article-title":"Deaths from excessive alcohol use - United States, 2016-2021","volume":"73","author":"Esser","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4308","article-title":"Alcohol-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-7271","article-title":"Retail alcohol and tobacco sales during COVID-19","volume":"174","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib10","unstructured":"Davies S. Annual report of the Chief medical officer, 2018: health 2040 - better health within reach. Publishing service. gov.UK. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5c1ccb75ed915d730364be7c\/Annual_report_of_the_Chief_Medical_Officer_2018_-_health_2040_-_better_health_within_reach.pdf2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6185","article-title":"Association between daily alcohol intake and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10347","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","article-title":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"400","author":"Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib13","first-page":"537","article-title":"Did early twentieith-century alcohol prohibition affect mortality? Economic Enquiry","volume":"58","author":"Law","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib14","series-title":"Last Call:\u00a0the rise and fall of prohibition","author":"Okrent","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib15","series-title":"Father Matthew and the Irish temperence movement 1838-1849","author":"Kerrigan","year":"1992"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib16","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: a theory-based synthesis of the evidence","volume":"402","author":"Patterson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib17","article-title":"Minimum unit pricing for alcohol saves lives, so why is it not implemented more widely?","volume":"384","author":"Anderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10160","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32181-0","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption - authors\u2019 reply","volume":"392","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.186007","article-title":"Effects of alcohol tax and price policies on morbidity and mortality: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.005","article-title":"The effectiveness of tax policy interventions for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms","volume":"38","author":"Elder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.2.133","article-title":"The minimum legal drinking age and public health","volume":"25","author":"Carpenter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Econ Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.0026","article-title":"Association of an alcohol abstinence program with mortality in individuals arrested for driving while alcohol impaired","volume":"80","author":"Nicosia","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2014.s17.108","article-title":"Case closed: research evidence on the positive public health impact of the age 21 minimum legal drinking age in the United States","author":"DeJong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-020-09458-6","article-title":"A natural experiment to test the effect of sanction certainty and celerity on substance-impaired driving: north Dakota\u2019s 24\/7 sobriety program","volume":"37","author":"Midgette","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Quant Criminol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-3434","article-title":"Excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorders: a policy brief of the American College of physicians","volume":"177","author":"Crowley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib26","article-title":"Do Americans drink too much?\u00a0Alcohol is driving a debate in Washington","author":"Peterson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wall Street Journal.\u00a0June 24,"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib27","article-title":"Non-alcoholic beverage trends in the US","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nielsen IQ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000899","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease-Global epidemiology","volume":"80","author":"Aberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.11.013","article-title":"Low alcohol consumption influences outcomes in individuals with alcohol-related compensated cirrhosis in a French multicenter cohort","volume":"78","author":"Louvet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.032","article-title":"Impact of longitudinal alcohol use patterns on long-term risk of cirrhosis among US Veterans with steatotic liver disease","volume":"166","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29631","article-title":"Interaction between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in predicting severe liver disease in the general population","volume":"67","author":"Aberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30866","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases: 2019 practice guidance from the American association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"71","author":"Crabb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.018","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib34","series-title":"Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10129","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies","volume":"391","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10152","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31571-X","article-title":"No level of alcohol consumption improves health","volume":"392","author":"Burton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib37","article-title":"Alcohol consumption patterns and mortality among older adults with health-related or socioeconomic risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Ortola","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA\u00a0Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib38","series-title":"Canada\u2019s guidance on alcohol and health: final report","author":"Paradis","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024_bib39","unstructured":"Anonymous. The Healthcare Professional's Core Resource on Alcohol: Knowledge. Impacts. Strategies. Accessible at \u2018niaaa.nih.gov'."}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882782402645X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882782402645X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T21:37:54Z","timestamp":1739569074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016882782402645X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S016882782402645X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is there a safe limit for consumption of alcohol?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}