{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T14:36:07Z","timestamp":1793889367942,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023561","name":"Government of Spain Ministry of Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU19\/06026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU19\/06026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB21\/13\/00083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/00793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/01098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/01098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR24\/00047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR24\/00047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI22\/00180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI22\/00180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/00047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016145","name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD12\/0017\/0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023961","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biotecnol\u00f3gica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023731","name":"Regional Government of Andalusia Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1-0001-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0001-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-hepatology.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T11:46:25Z","timestamp":1740570385000},"page":"662-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Rat hepatitis E virus as an aetiological agent of acute hepatitis of unknown origin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Caballero-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Casares-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0597-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Gallo-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pereira-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Beato-Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Poyato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Avell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Schilling-Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Freyre-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0600-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Corona-Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Viciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milagros","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Chimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0657-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"R\u00edos-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano-Terriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reimar","family":"Johne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5813-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Rivero-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib1","article-title":"Rocahepevirus ratti as an emerging cause of acute hepatitis worldwide","volume":"2996","author":"Benavent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31138","article-title":"Transmission of rat hepatitis E virus infection to humans in Hong Kong: a clinical and epidemiological analysis","volume":"73","author":"Sridhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.028","article-title":"Orthohepevirus C infection as an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in Spain: first report in Europe","volume":"77","author":"Rivero-Juarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180937","article-title":"Rat hepatitis E virus as cause of persistent hepatitis after liver transplant","volume":"24","author":"Sridhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infec Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz025","article-title":"Rat hepatitis E virus linked to severe acute hepatitis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"220","author":"Andonov","year":"2019","journal-title":"T J Infec Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.008","article-title":"Orthohepevirus C hepatitis, an underdiagnosed disease?","volume":"79","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101148","article-title":"Review of hepatitis E virus in rats: evident risk of species Orthohepevirus C to human zoonotic infection and disease","volume":"12","author":"Reuter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030154","article-title":"Orthohepevirus C: an expanding species of emerging hepatitis E virus variants","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab919","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus species C infection in humans, Hong Kong","volume":"75","author":"Sridhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infec Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.016584-0","article-title":"Detection of a novel hepatitis E-like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR","volume":"91","author":"Johne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9134","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00800-12","article-title":"Bats worldwide carry hepatitis E virus-related viruses that form a putative novel genus within the family Hepeviridae","volume":"86","author":"Drexler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040742","article-title":"No evidence for orthohepevirus C in archived human samples in Germany, 2000\u20132020","volume":"14","author":"Faber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.02.021","article-title":"Rat hepatitis E virus: geographical clustering within Germany and serological detection in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)","volume":"12","author":"Johne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infec, Gen Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib14","article-title":"Rat hepatitis E virus: presence in humans in South-Western France?","volume":"8","author":"Parraud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fron Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.07.001","article-title":"Detection of rat hepatitis E virus in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Black rats (Rattus rattus) from 11 European countries","volume":"208","author":"Ryll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Micro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400473","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.12.2400473","article-title":"National survey of the rat hepatitis E virus in rodents in Spain, 2022 to 2023","volume":"30","author":"Caballero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eurosurveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199321","article-title":"Genomic characterization of Rocahepevirus ratti hepatitis E virus genotype C1 in Yunnan province of China","volume":"341","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14437","article-title":"Serological and molecular survey of hepatitis E virus in cats and dogs in Spain","volume":"69","author":"Caballero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3004.231629","article-title":"Detection of rat hepatitis E virus in pigs, Spain, 2023","volume":"30","author":"Rios-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infec Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.028","article-title":"Multimodal investigation of rat hepatitis E virus antigenicity: implications for infection, diagnostics, and vaccine efficacy","volume":"74","author":"Sridhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.03.002","article-title":"Rat hepatitis E virus derived from wild rats (Rattus rattus) propagates efficiently in human hepatoma cell lines","volume":"185","author":"Jirintai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2023.105670","article-title":"Establishment of a robust rat hepatitis E virus fecal-oral infection model and validation for antiviral studies","volume":"216","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.86","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"3","author":"Kamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2006.08.002","article-title":"Comparison of clinical features of acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 in Sapporo, Japan","volume":"36","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027_bib25","article-title":"Epidemiology of genotype 1 and 2 hepatitis E virus infections","volume":"9","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Csh Perspect Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827825001369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827825001369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T12:51:49Z","timestamp":1762260709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827825001369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827825001369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rat hepatitis E virus as an aetiological agent of acute hepatitis of unknown origin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}