{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:33:22Z","timestamp":1793018002387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["07180216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07180216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T02:27:44Z","timestamp":1642818464000},"page":"100441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Novel machine learning models outperform risk scores in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Lai-Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki Wing-Ki","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxiong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry Cheuk-Fung","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Kit","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy Che-To","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5242-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Chung-Yan","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Lik-Yuen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pong-Chi","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Wai-Sun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis B fact sheet. http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b. Accessed 18 June\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis C fact sheet. http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-c. Accessed 18 June\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30342-5","article-title":"Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a lancet gastroenterology &\u00a0hepatology commission","volume":"5","author":"Sarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib5","series-title":"Global hepatitis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016\u20132021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/hepatitis\/strategy2016-2021\/ghss-hep\/en\/. Accessed 12 July\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib7","unstructured":"Government HKSAR. https:\/\/www.policyaddress.gov.hk\/2017\/eng\/pdf\/Agenda_Ch6.pdf. Accessed 21 June\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib8","unstructured":"Health Do. Steering committee on prevention and control of viral hepatitis. https:\/\/www.hepatitis.gov.hk\/english\/about_us\/about_us.html#:\u223c:text=Contact%20Us-,Steering%20Committee%20on%20Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Viral%20Hepatitis,prevent%20and%20control%20viral%20hepatitis. Accessed 12 July\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib9","series-title":"Hong Kong viral hepatitis action plan 2020\u20132024","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib10","first-page":"7","article-title":"Statistical strategies for HCC risk prediction models in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"7","author":"Yip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14172","article-title":"Laboratory parameter-based machine learning model for excluding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"Yip","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib12","unstructured":"Hospital Authority. Hospital Authority Data Collaboration Lab. https:\/\/www3.ha.org.hk\/data\/DCL\/Index\/. Accessed 21 June\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib13","unstructured":"Hospital Authority. Data Catalogue, Data Collaboration Project, Hospital Authority Data Collaboration Lab. https:\/\/www3.ha.org.hk\/data\/DCL\/ProjectDataCatalogue\/. Accessed 21 June\u00a02021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04276.x","article-title":"Development of a non-invasive algorithm with transient elastography (Fibroscan) and serum test formula for advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15269","article-title":"Improvement in enhanced liver fibrosis score and liver stiffness measurement reflects lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14341","article-title":"Statins reduce the risk of liver decompensation and death in chronic viral hepatitis: a propensity score weighted landmark analysis","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A\u00a0proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15385","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis","volume":"36","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15145","article-title":"Machine learning model to predict recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with history of idiopathic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding","volume":"49","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-00977-9","article-title":"Current updates in machine-learning in the prediction of therapeutic outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma: what should we know?","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/lci2.25","article-title":"Salivary metabolites are promising non-invasive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Hershberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Cancer Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30833","article-title":"An aging population of chronic hepatitis B with increasing comorbidities: a territory-wide study from 2000 to 2017","volume":"71","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100152","article-title":"Increasing antiviral treatment uptake improves survival in patients with HBV-related HCC","volume":"2","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-020-01726-3","article-title":"Secondary prevention for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: are all the nucleos(t)ide analogues the same?","volume":"55","author":"Yip","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.025","article-title":"Tenofovir is associated with lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than entecavir in patients with chronic HBV infection in China","volume":"158","author":"Yip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13926","article-title":"Territory-wide population-based study of chronic hepatitis C infection and implications for hepatitis elimination in Hong Kong","volume":"38","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-20-0616","article-title":"A\u00a0machine learning approach yields a multiparameter prognostic marker in liver cancer","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3025813","article-title":"Explainable uncertainty-aware convolutional recurrent neural network for irregular\u00a0medical time series","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.033324","article-title":"Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14622","article-title":"Change in treatment paradigm in people who previously injected drugs with chronic hepatitis C in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555922000131?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555922000131?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:27:49Z","timestamp":1762900069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555922000131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555922000131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel machine learning models outperform risk scores in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100441"}}