{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:24:49Z","timestamp":1790267089461,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T14:36:18Z","timestamp":1664548578000},"page":"100601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Long-term results of mycophenolate mofetil vs. azathioprine use in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George N.","family":"Dalekos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinelopi","family":"Arvaniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3715-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos K.","family":"Gatselis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Gabeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2596-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Samakidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9651-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Giannoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Rigopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Koukoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Zachou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22322","article-title":"Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Hennes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hellenic association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Dalekos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 practice guidance and guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"72","author":"Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib5","first-page":"159","article-title":"Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Cook","year":"1971","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33223-8","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Soloway","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92125-9","article-title":"Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Murray-Lyon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.11.876","article-title":"Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared","volume":"16","author":"Summerskill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.1.78","article-title":"Late results of the Royal Free Hospital prospective controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in hepatitis B surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Kirk","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510123331502","article-title":"Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"333","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.03.023","article-title":"Towards personalised medicine in autoimmune hepatitis: measurement of thiopurine metabolites results in higher biochemical response rates","volume":"75","author":"Candels","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23736\/S1121-421X.20.02805-6","article-title":"Open challenges in the management of autoimmune hepatitis","author":"Gerussi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4728-2","article-title":"Treatment response and outcome with two different prednisolone regimens in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Purnak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.037","article-title":"Treatment options for autoimmune hepatitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Lamers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.065","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis managed at a nontransplant center","volume":"140","author":"Hoeroldt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.09.009","article-title":"Relapse is almost universal after withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication in patients with autoimmune hepatitis in remission","volume":"58","author":"van Gerven","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.032","article-title":"Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-na\u00efve patients","volume":"55","author":"Zachou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13584","article-title":"A\u00a0real-world study focused on the long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Zachou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.04.006","article-title":"A\u00a0single center review of the use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"6","author":"Hlivko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001367","article-title":"Comparison of mycophenolate mofetil with standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.798602","article-title":"First results from a propensity matching trial of mycophenolate mofetil vs. azathioprine in treatment-na\u00efve AIH patients","volume":"12","author":"Dalekos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib22","series-title":"Clinical practice guidance of the Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","author":"Dalekos","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13252","article-title":"Prompt initiation of high-dose i.v. corticosteroids seems to prevent progression to liver failure in patients with original acute severe autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"49","author":"Zachou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14280","article-title":"Permanent immunosuppression in SLA\/LP-positive autoimmune hepatitis is required although overall response and survival are similar","volume":"40","author":"Zachou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14900","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in patients aged 70 years or older: disease characteristics, treatment response and outcome","volume":"41","author":"Dalekos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib27","article-title":"Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Rahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","article-title":"Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ishak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143510","article-title":"Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and Golgi protein-73: new diagnostic and predictive tools for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular cancer?","volume":"13","author":"Gatselis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.10.013","article-title":"FibroMeter scores for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"22","author":"Zachou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.041","article-title":"Systematic review of response criteria and endpoints in autoimmune hepatitis by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group","volume":"76","author":"Pape","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.023","article-title":"Transient elastography in autoimmune hepatitis: timing determines the impact of inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Hartl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.020","article-title":"Usefulness of biochemical remission and transient elastography in monitoring disease course in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"68","author":"Hartl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15157","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: mycophenolate mofetil as a second-line therapy for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"49","author":"Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15248","article-title":"Beneficial response to mycophenolate mofetil by patients with autoimmune hepatitis who have failed standard therapy, is predicted by older age and lower immunoglobulin G and INR levels","volume":"49","author":"Nicoll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11091346","article-title":"Anti-tumor potential of IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors: a century-long story","volume":"11","author":"Naffouje","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.11.001","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil: what is its place in the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases?","volume":"6","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.12.002","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancy in women with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Westbrook","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27983","article-title":"Prediction of short- and long-term outcome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Kirstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555922001732?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555922001732?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:28:44Z","timestamp":1762900124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555922001732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555922001732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term results of mycophenolate mofetil vs. azathioprine use in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100601","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100601"}}