{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:21:33Z","timestamp":1788790893144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:13:31Z","timestamp":1676852011000},"page":"100703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Infection prevention and control programme and COVID-19 measures: Effects on hospital-acquired infections in patients with cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Di Cola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Gazda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Lapenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3173-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Merli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.005","article-title":"Transition to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure: role of predisposing factors and precipitating events","volume":"75","author":"Gustot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0329","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiology and management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Piano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00520-7","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Albillos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013","volume":"60","author":"Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000280","article-title":"Nosocomial infections are frequent and negatively impact outcomes in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"114","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25947","article-title":"Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience","volume":"56","author":"Bajaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.010","article-title":"Management of bacterial and fungal infections in cirrhosis: the MDRO challenge","volume":"75","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.029","article-title":"The multifactorial mechanisms of bacterial infection in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"75","author":"Van der Merwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25532","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.027","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and with acute-on-chronic liver failure in Europe","volume":"70","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.005","article-title":"Epidemiology and effects of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis worldwide","volume":"156","author":"Piano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127448","article-title":"The spread of multi drug resistant infections is leading to an increase in the empirical antibiotic treatment failure in cirrhosis: a prospective survey","volume":"10","author":"Merli","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.006","article-title":"The challenges of multi-drug-resistance in hepatology","volume":"65","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.001","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective multicentre study of the epidemiology and outcomes of bloodstream infection in cirrhotic patients","volume":"24","author":"Bartoletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12593","article-title":"The chronic use of beta-blockers and proton pump inhibitors may affect\u00a0the rate of bacterial infections in cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Merli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01513-5","article-title":"Less surgical site infections in neurosurgery during COVID-19 times\u2014one potential benefit of the pandemic?","volume":"44","author":"Chac\u00f3n-Quesada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001911","article-title":"Reduction in nosocomial infections in patients with cirrhosis during the COVID-19 era compared with pre-COVID-19: impact of masking and restricting visitation","volume":"117","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.06.024","article-title":"Cirrhotic patients are at risk for health care\u2013associated bacterial infections","volume":"8","author":"Merli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02814-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene","volume":"356","author":"Pittet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30082","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive\u00a0procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis","volume":"35","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703_bib22","article-title":"Underspecification presents challenges for credibility in modern machine learning","author":"D\u2019Amour","year":"2020","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555923000344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555923000344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:30:50Z","timestamp":1762900250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555923000344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555923000344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infection prevention and control programme and COVID-19 measures: Effects on hospital-acquired infections in patients with cirrhosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100703","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100703"}}