{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:19:00Z","timestamp":1793121540837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000836","name":"University of Liverpool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N025989\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N025989\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000770","name":"University of Manchester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T12:24:32Z","timestamp":1692879872000},"page":"100896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Role of fatty liver index in risk-stratifying comorbid disease outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7534-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munir","family":"Pirmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib2","first-page":"504","article-title":"Prevalence, trends, outcomes, and disparities in hospitalizations for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Adejumo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21327","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction and stroke: findings from matched cohort study of 18 million European adults","volume":"367","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1321-x","article-title":"Risks and clinical predictors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnoses in adults with diagnosed NAFLD: real-world study of 18 million patients in four European cohorts","volume":"17","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50229","article-title":"Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with normal ALT values","volume":"37","author":"Mofrad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity","volume":"40","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24452","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hernaez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1103-x","article-title":"Real-world data reveal a diagnostic gap in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1097","article-title":"Novel approaches to detect significant liver disease in the general population","volume":"18","author":"Yeoman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2019-101177","article-title":"Original research: development and implementation of a commissioned pathway for the identification and stratification of liver disease in the community","volume":"11","author":"Chalmers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.05.033","article-title":"Intelligent liver function testing (iLFT): a trial of automated diagnosis and staging of liver disease in primary care","volume":"71","author":"Dillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.033","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"71","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0014-9","article-title":"Noninvasive biomarkers in NAFLD and NASH \u2014 current progress and future promise","volume":"15","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-33","article-title":"The fatty liver index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population","volume":"6","author":"Bedogni","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2020-101480","article-title":"Implementation of a care bundle improves the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Neilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littlejohns, T. J., Holliday, J., Gibson, L. M., Garratt, S., Oesingmann, N., Alfaro-Almagro, F., et al. The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants: rationale, data collection, management and future directions. doi:10.1038\/s41467-020-15948-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15948-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay5034","article-title":"Functional validity, role, and implications of heavy alcohol consumption genetic loci","volume":"6","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21496","article-title":"The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD","volume":"45","author":"Angulo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22210","article-title":"Body composition profiling in the UK biobank imaging study","volume":"26","author":"Linge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterisation of liver fat in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"12","author":"Wilman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0112","article-title":"External validation of the fatty liver index and lipid accumulation product indices, using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to identify hepatic steatosis in healthy controls and obese, insulin-resistant individuals","volume":"171","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.08.002","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091877","article-title":"Performance of fatty liver index in identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in population studies. A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Castellana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1956685","article-title":"Fatty liver index predicts incident risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"53","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib29","article-title":"Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198327","article-title":"Fatty liver index is a predictor of incident diabetes in patients with prediabetes: the PREDAPS study","volume":"13","author":"Franch-Nadal","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143560","article-title":"A prospective study of fatty liver index and incident hypertension: the KoGES-ARIRANG study","volume":"10","author":"Huh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S189544","article-title":"The fatty liver index, a simple and useful predictor of metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010\u20132011","volume":"12","author":"Khang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01025-4","article-title":"Fatty liver index and development of cardiovascular disease in Koreans without pre-existing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke: a large population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib34","first-page":"95","article-title":"Fatty liver index as a simple predictor of incident diabetes from the KoGES-ARIRANG study","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-06954-y","article-title":"Fatty liver index and development of cardiovascular disease: findings from the UK biobank","volume":"66","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib36","first-page":"21430","article-title":"Elevated fatty liver index is independently associated with new onset of hypertension during a 10-year period in both male and female subjects","volume":"10","author":"Higashiura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Hear Assoc Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623","article-title":"Meta-analysis: natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity","volume":"43","author":"Musso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47687-3","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000817","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-related liver disease as a risk factor for cancer","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2020.02.004","article-title":"Association between fatty liver index and risk of breast cancer: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.022","article-title":"Association between high fatty liver index and development of colorectal cancer: a nationwide cohort study with 21,592,374 Korean","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896_bib43","first-page":"73","article-title":"The repeatedly elevated fatty liver index is associated with increased mortality: a population-based cohort study","volume":"0","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555923002276?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555923002276?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:32:50Z","timestamp":1762900370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555923002276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555923002276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of fatty liver index in risk-stratifying comorbid disease outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100896","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100896"}}