{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:14:09Z","timestamp":1793060049924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T07:34:15Z","timestamp":1725694455000},"page":"101214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Virological markers for clinical trials in chronic viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Pawlotsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.001","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis delta virus","volume":"79","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.08.018","article-title":"EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C: final update of the series","volume":"73","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.005","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"68","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.024","article-title":"How to achieve functional cure of HBV: stopping NUCs, adding interferon or new drug development?","volume":"76","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23785","article-title":"Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis\/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"52","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.036","article-title":"Changes in serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase determine risk for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22884","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61425-1","article-title":"Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study","volume":"381","author":"Marcellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05264-1","article-title":"Dried blood spot sampling for hepatitis B virus quantification, sequencing and mutation detection","volume":"12","author":"Bezerra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25485","article-title":"Evaluation of dried blood spots for hepatitis B and D serology and nucleic acid testing","volume":"94","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2776-z","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of detection and quantification of HBV DNA and HCV RNA using dried blood spot (DBS) samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00082-22","article-title":"Alinity m, a random-access system, for hepatitis B virus DNA quantification in plasma and whole blood collected on dried blood spots","volume":"7","author":"Ortonne","year":"2022","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104481","article-title":"Evaluation of the Xpert HBV viral load for hepatitis B virus molecular testing","volume":"129","author":"Poiteau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104524","article-title":"Evaluation of the Aptima HBV Quant Dx assay for semi-quantitative HBV viral load from dried blood spots","volume":"129","author":"Roger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29144","article-title":"Ultrasensitive PCR system for HBV DNA detection: risk stratification for occult hepatitis B virus infection in English blood donors","volume":"95","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00341-7","article-title":"New hepatitis B drug development disillusions: time to reset?","volume":"8","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0241","article-title":"RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg","volume":"9","author":"Wooddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib23","article-title":"Early hepatitis B surface antigen decline predicts treatment response to entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir282","article-title":"Serum HBsAg decline during long-term potent nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B and prediction of HBsAg loss","volume":"204","author":"Zoutendijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10648-8","article-title":"Predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients with chronic HBV infection treated with pegylated interferon-alpha: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13599","article-title":"Mean HBsAg decline at week 24 of PEG-IFN-based treatment predicts subsequent rate of HBsAg clearance: suggesting a valuable endpoint for early development HBV trials","volume":"28","author":"De Ridder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.017","article-title":"New virological tools for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B and C in resource-limited settings","volume":"69","author":"Chevaliez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13890","article-title":"The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Virtudazo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13349","article-title":"Novel monitoring of hepatitis B reactivation based on ultra-high sensitive hepatitis B surface antigen assay","volume":"37","author":"Shinkai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.05.009","article-title":"An ultra-sensitive Abbott ARCHITECT assay for the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)","volume":"105","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13602","article-title":"Potential of ultra-highly sensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface and core-related antigens in patients with or without development of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance","volume":"51","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000027","article-title":"Characterization of HBV surface antigen isoforms in the natural history and treatment of HBV infection","volume":"7","author":"Rodgers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.002","article-title":"Guidance on treatment endpoints and study design for clinical trials aiming to achieve cure in chronic hepatitis B and D: report from the 2022 AASLD-EASL HBV-HDV Treatment Endpoints Conference","volume":"79","author":"Ghany","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305517","article-title":"HBsAg seroclearance after nucleoside analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: clinical outcomes and durability","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320015","article-title":"Discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues is not associated with a higher risk of HBsAg seroreversion after antiviral-induced HBsAg seroclearance: a nationwide multicentre study","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9343-x","article-title":"Hepatitis B surface antigen levels: association with 5-year response to peginterferon alfa-2a in hepatitis B e-antigen-negative patients","volume":"7","author":"Marcellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.014","article-title":"HBsAg seroclearance further reduces hepatocellular carcinoma risk after complete viral suppression with nucleos(t)ide analogues","volume":"70","author":"Yip","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00798-18","article-title":"Extracellular hepatitis B virus RNAs are heterogeneous in length and circulate as capsid-antibody complexes in addition to virions in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"92","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.029","article-title":"Serum hepatitis B virus RNA is encapsidated pregenome RNA that may be associated with persistence of viral infection and rebound","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.08.021","article-title":"Relationship between serum HBV-RNA levels and intrahepatic viral as well as histologic activity markers in entecavir-treated patients","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29872","article-title":"Host and viral factors associated with serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels among patients in need for treatment","volume":"68","author":"van Campenhout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330644","article-title":"Quantification of circulating HBV RNA expressed from intrahepatic cccDNA in untreated and NUC-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"73","author":"Testoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00649-z","article-title":"A\u00a0roadmap for serum biomarkers for hepatitis B virus: current status and future outlook","volume":"19","author":"Kramvis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.07.010","article-title":"Combination treatments including the small-interfering RNA JNJ-3989 induce rapid and sometimes prolonged viral responses in patients with CHB","volume":"77","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.023","article-title":"Evaluation of RNAi therapeutics VIR-2218 and ALN-HBV for chronic hepatitis B: results from randomized clinical trials","volume":"79","author":"Gane","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00148-6","volume":"8","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.046","article-title":"JNJ-73763989 and bersacapavir treatment in nucleos(t)ide analog suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B: REEF-2","volume":"81","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib48","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bepirovirsen in hepatitis B","volume":"388","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.058","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 48 weeks REP 2139 or REP 2165, tenofovir disoproxil, and pegylated interferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic HBV infection naive to nucleos(t)ide therapy","volume":"158","author":"Bazinet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30325","article-title":"Serum hepatitis B virus RNA: a new potential biomarker for chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/v9030056","article-title":"Complete and incomplete hepatitis B virus particles: formation, function, and application","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13346","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus core-related antigen as a surrogate marker for covalently closed circular DNA","volume":"37","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.11.030","article-title":"Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"70","author":"Testoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.010","article-title":"Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in a large European cohort predominantly infected with genotypes A and D","volume":"21","author":"Maasoumy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.028","article-title":"High level of hepatitis B core-related antigen associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection of intermediate viral load","volume":"157","author":"Tseng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2023.0194","article-title":"Hepatitis B core-related antigen dynamics and risk of subsequent clinical relapses after nucleos(t)ide analog cessation","volume":"30","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13489","article-title":"Analytical validation of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) using dried blood spots (DBS)","volume":"28","author":"Shimakawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29109","article-title":"Kinetics of HBcrAg and HBsAg using highly sensitive iTACT assays in chronic hepatitis B patients with HBsAg seroclearance","volume":"95","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.008","article-title":"Improved basic performance of iTACT-HBcrAg assay","volume":"79","author":"Yagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib60","article-title":"The role of novel hepatitis B biomarkers in solving therapeutic dilemmas","volume":"10","author":"Lazarevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32865-1","article-title":"Mapping hepatitis B virus genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Kafeero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib62","article-title":"Evaluation of the HBV liver reservoir with fine needle aspirates","volume":"5","author":"Testoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328380","article-title":"Quantification of the hepatitis B virus cccDNA: evidence-based guidelines for monitoring the key obstacle of HBV cure","volume":"72","author":"Allweiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.013","article-title":"The hepatitis delta virus: replication and pathogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Sureau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.038","article-title":"Origin, HDV genotype and persistent viremia determine outcome and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis delta","volume":"73","author":"Roulot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib66","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hepatitis D virus infection in Canada","volume":"4","author":"Osiowy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31214","article-title":"Long-term study of hepatitis delta virus infection at secondary care centers: the impact of viremia on liver-related outcomes","volume":"72","author":"Kamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib68","article-title":"HDV RNA assays: performance characteristics, clinical utility, and challenges","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28772","article-title":"First international external quality assessment for hepatitis delta virus RNA quantification in plasma","volume":"64","author":"Le Gal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314134","article-title":"Bulevirtide combined with pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis D","volume":"391","author":"Asselah","year":"2024","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.05.001","article-title":"Bulevirtide monotherapy in patients with chronic HDV: efficacy and safety results through week 96 from a phase III randomized trial","volume":"81","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30288-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of REP 2139 and pegylated interferon alfa-2a for treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus co-infection (REP 301 and REP 301-LTF): a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Bazinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213429","article-title":"A\u00a0phase 3, randomized trial of bulevirtide in chronic hepatitis D","volume":"389","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29574","article-title":"Genetic diversity and worldwide distribution of the deltavirus genus: a study of 2,152 clinical strains","volume":"66","author":"Le Gal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.027","article-title":"No virologic resistance to bulevirtide monotherapy detected in patients through 24 weeks treatment in phase II and III clinical trials for chronic hepatitis delta","volume":"79","author":"Hollnberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac049","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of assays using point-of-care testing or dried blood spot samples for the determination of hepatitis C virus RNA: a systematic review","volume":"226","author":"Catlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3042","article-title":"Clinical utility of HCV core antigen detection and quantification in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving an all-oral, interferon-free regimen","volume":"23","author":"Chevaliez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.03.002","article-title":"HCV core antigen as an alternate test to HCV RNA for assessment of virologic responses to all-oral, interferon-free treatment in HCV genotype 1 infected patients","volume":"245","author":"Rockstroh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.05.014","article-title":"Clinical utility of hepatitis C virus core antigen quantification in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"61","author":"Chevaliez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0065","article-title":"Hepatitis C core antigen testing for diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Freiman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332177","article-title":"\"Unusual\" HCV genotype subtypes: origin, distribution, sensitivity to direct-acting antiviral drugs and behaviour on antiviral treatment and retreatment","volume":"73","author":"Vo-Quang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.003","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-free regimens","volume":"151","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.86","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"3","author":"Kamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23874","article-title":"Assessment of dried blood samples as an alternative less invasive method for detection of hepatitis E virus marker in an outbreak setting","volume":"86","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.028","article-title":"Orthohepevirus C infection as an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in Spain: first report in Europe","volume":"77","author":"Rivero-Juarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab919","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus species C infection in humans, Hong Kong","volume":"75","author":"Sridhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.008","article-title":"Orthohepevirus C hepatitis, an underdiagnosed disease?","volume":"79","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555924002180?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555924002180?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T11:07:57Z","timestamp":1755860877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555924002180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555924002180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Virological markers for clinical trials in chronic viral hepatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101214","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101214"}}