{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:32:52Z","timestamp":1793151172302,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["413517907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413517907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["256073931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["256073931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272983813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100326\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100326\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021729","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU H 2020-847939-IP-cure-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU H 2020-847939-IP-cure-B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GenSurv\/MolTraX 01KX2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GenSurv\/MolTraX 01KX2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EO2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EO2103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HO 5836\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HO 5836\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Centre for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002714","name":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:56:50Z","timestamp":1777046210000},"page":"101868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses in chronic HBV infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Lang-Meli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Denecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Ptok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0573-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Ehrenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elahe","family":"Salimi Alizei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7182-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik","family":"Luxenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4061-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthamia","family":"Kiraithe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Jacobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7361-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Rusignuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Schulien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Gostick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sian","family":"Llewellyn-Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Emmerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Bengsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Boettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8736-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Thimme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8410-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Neumann-Haefelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.12.004","article-title":"The 2024 updated WHO guidelines for the prevention and management of chronic hepatitis B: main changes and potential implications for the next major liver society clinical practice guidelines","volume":"82","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.02.016","article-title":"The impact of hepatitis B surface antigen reduction via small interfering RNA treatment on natural and vaccine (BRII-179)-induced hepatitis B virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"169","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0196-9","article-title":"Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"16","author":"Maini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322404","article-title":"TOX defines the degree of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in distinct phases of chronic HBV infection","volume":"70","author":"Heim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01106-y","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell epitope repertoire in convalescent and mRNA-vaccinated individuals","volume":"7","author":"Lang-Meli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.047","article-title":"HBV shows different levels of adaptation to HLA class I-associated selection pressure correlating with markers of replication","volume":"82","author":"Schwarz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac134","article-title":"HAMdetector: a Bayesian regression model that integrates information to detect HLA-associated mutations","volume":"38","author":"Habermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib9","unstructured":"Escape.jl. https:\/\/github.com\/HAMdetector\/Escape.jl Accessed 28 April 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib10","unstructured":"Datamonkey server. https:\/\/www.datamonkey.org\/Accessed 28 April 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002764","article-title":"Detecting individual sites subject to episodic diversifying selection","volume":"8","author":"Murrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27771","article-title":"Adaptation of the hepatitis B virus core protein to CD8(+) T-cell selection pressure","volume":"62","author":"Kefalakes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.030","article-title":"Decades after recovery from hepatitis B and HBsAg clearance the CD8+ T cell response against HBV core is nearly undetectable","volume":"63","author":"Kefalakes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-9-1","article-title":"HLA class I supertypes: a revised and updated classification","volume":"9","author":"Sidney","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.68-76.2003","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Thimme","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.1047","article-title":"The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to multiple hepatitis B virus polymerase epitopes during and after acute viral hepatitis","volume":"181","author":"Rehermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.10.3442","article-title":"Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"145","author":"Ferrari","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.019","article-title":"Effects of hepatitis B surface antigen on virus-specific and global T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"159","author":"Le Bert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.018","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"83","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316641","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional differences of HBV core-specific versus HBV polymerase-specific CD8+ T cells in chronically HBV-infected patients with low viral load","volume":"68","author":"Schuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.050","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus--specific and global T-cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"150","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316644","article-title":"Phenotype and function of HBV-specific T cells is determined by the targeted epitope in addition to the stage of infection","volume":"68","author":"Hoogeveen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01928-4","article-title":"Attenuated effector T cells are linked to control of chronic HBV infection","volume":"25","author":"Heim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328734","article-title":"Enolase represents a metabolic checkpoint controlling the differential exhaustion programmes of hepatitis virus-specific CD8+ T cells","volume":"72","author":"Winkler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01993-15","article-title":"Distinct escape pathway by hepatitis C virus genotype 1a from a dominant CD8+ T cell response by selection of altered epitope processing","volume":"90","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.08.009","article-title":"HLA-B\u221727 subtype specificity determines targeting and viral evolution of a hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cell epitope","volume":"60","author":"Nitschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9334","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00460-11","article-title":"High-functional-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HLA-B-restricted Gag-derived epitopes associated with relative HIV control","volume":"85","author":"Berger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22242","article-title":"Virological and immunological determinants of intrahepatic virus-specific CD8+ T-cell failure in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"47","author":"Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050121","article-title":"Cellular immune selection with hepatitis C virus persistence in humans","volume":"201","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118191","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequence variation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes is not common in patients with chronic HBV infection","volume":"96","author":"Rehermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0058","article-title":"Genetically-modified, redirected T cells target hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma lesions in a clinical setting","volume":"30","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.041","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-specific CD4 T cell responses differentiate functional cure from chronic surface antigen+ infection","volume":"77","author":"Hoogeveen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22967-7","article-title":"Targeting human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase as a dual viral and T cell metabolic checkpoint","volume":"12","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001202","article-title":"Enhancing HBV-specific T cell responses through a combination of epigenetic modulation and immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"82","author":"Urbanek-Quaing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555926001394?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555926001394?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:40:08Z","timestamp":1793148008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555926001394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555926001394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Robust HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses in chronic HBV infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101868","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101868"}}