{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:32:24Z","timestamp":1793151144620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"Universiteit Antwerpen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["44430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1802154N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1802154N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:55:15Z","timestamp":1777996515000},"page":"101887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated liver fat content is independently associated with insulin resistance in people with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2271-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Spinhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Braspenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris","family":"Vanhevel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Dirinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"De Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7527-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Francque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0431","article-title":"Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Younossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"81","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib3","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for NAFLD in people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Mertens","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02764-y","article-title":"Increased prevalence and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in individuals with Type 1 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Mertens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.09.038","article-title":"Global epidemiology and characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Souza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-019-0101-1","article-title":"Double or hybrid diabetes: a systematic review on disease prevalence, characteristics and risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Khawandanah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188211055557","article-title":"NAFLD in type 1 diabetes: overrated or underappreciated?","volume":"12","author":"Mertens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e432","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae175","article-title":"The 13C glucose breath test accurately identifies insulin resistance in people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"110","author":"Mertens","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.4.626","article-title":"Can clinical factors estimate insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes?","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib10","first-page":"S27","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib11","series-title":"International textbook of diabetes mellitus","first-page":"413","article-title":"Glucose toxicity","author":"Yki-J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E462","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00064.2004","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population","volume":"288","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.056","article-title":"A polygenic risk score to refine risk stratification and prediction for severe liver disease by clinical fibrosis scores","volume":"20","author":"De Vincentis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12719","article-title":"Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"283","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00246-1","article-title":"Obesity in people living with type 1 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Van der Schueren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis - 2021 update","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib18","first-page":"E214","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2339","article-title":"Defining insulin resistance from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps","volume":"35","author":"Tam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.441","article-title":"Comparison of the [13C]glucose breath test to the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp when determining insulin resistance","volume":"27","author":"Lewanczuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3050","article-title":"Liver fat content and hepatic insulin sensitivity in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"100","author":"Llaurado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156251362497","article-title":"Real-world evidence of the effect of adjunctive semaglutide on weight change, glycemic control, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Mertens","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0014-5","article-title":"Reduced intrahepatic fat content is associated with increased whole-body lipid oxidation in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Perseghin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0911","article-title":"Insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes assessed by glucose clamp studies: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Donga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2904-2","article-title":"Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: what is 'double diabetes' and what are the risks?","volume":"56","author":"Cleland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2006.12.003","article-title":"A new expression of diabetes: double diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Pozzilli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.11.2833","article-title":"Effect of type 1 diabetes on the gender difference in coronary artery calcification: a role for insulin resistance? The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study","volume":"52","author":"Dabelea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.002","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk","volume":"63","author":"Chillar\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2032","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa015","article-title":"Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with type 1 diabetes: findings from prospective real-life T1D exchange registry","volume":"105","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000735","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the heart","volume":"82","author":"Driessen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020163","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: pathogenetic links to cardiovascular risk","volume":"15","author":"Ionescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zwae306","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae306","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: pathophysiology and diagnostic aspects","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02434-5","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20920","article-title":"Insulin resistance: a metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae032","article-title":"Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic relevance","volume":"46","author":"Apostolopoulou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02621-5","article-title":"The pathophysiological link between type 1 diabetes and MASLD: insights into insulin resistance and liver dysfunction","volume":"48","author":"Herrera-Ojeda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2011.8.454","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis in type 1 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Regnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.768576","article-title":"Hepatopathy associated with type 1 diabetes: distinguishing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from glycogenic hepatopathy","volume":"12","author":"Mertens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15723","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with worse time in ranges in type 1 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Aernouts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12973","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its metabolic associations in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Cusi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00193-6","article-title":"Natural history and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-026-03114-2","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with vascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Mertens","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241291512","article-title":"Consensus report on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as adjunctive treatment for individuals with type 1 diabetes using an automated insulin delivery system","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03463-z","article-title":"Subcutaneous weekly semaglutide with automated insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial","volume":"31","author":"Pasqua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0328","article-title":"Effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide in overweight and obese adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Snell-Bergeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23503","article-title":"Measuring and estimating insulin resistance in clinical and research settings","volume":"30","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2131","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae015","article-title":"Insulin resistance and CGM-derived parameters in people with type 1 diabetes: are they associated?","volume":"109","author":"Clinck","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555926001588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589555926001588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:40:41Z","timestamp":1793148041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589555926001588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589555926001588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Elevated liver fat content is independently associated with insulin resistance in people with type 1 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101887","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101887"}}