{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:32:24Z","timestamp":1793151144712,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhep-reports.eu","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:50:55Z","timestamp":1777942255000},"page":"101888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global structural determinants of MASLD: Development-stratified pathways linking food systems, metabolic risk, and liver outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Paik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Kalligeros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1324-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shira","family":"Zelber-Sagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobair M.","family":"Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70342","article-title":"Two-decade trends in MASLD and its complications in the Middle East and North Africa (2010\u20132021)","volume":"45","author":"Younossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13126","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.011","article-title":"Association of food insecurity with MASLD prevalence and liver-related mortality","volume":"82","author":"Younossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13877","article-title":"Using a systems-thinking approach to map the global rise of ultra-processed foods in population diets","volume":"26","author":"Wood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103390","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and nutritional dietary profile: a meta-analysis of nationally representative samples","volume":"13","author":"Martini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2406458","article-title":"Effects of food and nutrition insecurity on global health","volume":"392","author":"Gallegos","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00959-4","article-title":"Food inequity and insecurity and MASLD: burden, challenges, and interventions","volume":"21","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib12","series-title":"The Worldwide Governance Indicators: methodology and analytical issues","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib13","series-title":"Methods and data sources for cost and affordability of a healthy diet (CoAHD)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib14","series-title":"Trade of agricultural commodities 2010\u20132023","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib15","series-title":"Ultra-processed foods, diet quality and health using the NOVA classification system","author":"Monteiro","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib16","series-title":"Food balance sheets and supply utilization accounts resource handbook 2025","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib17","series-title":"The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib18","series-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems: global, regional and country trends, 2000\u20132022","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib19","series-title":"Global report on the use of alcohol taxes","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib20","series-title":"Global report on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib21","series-title":"Global SSB tax database 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00588-7","article-title":"Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but worsened nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity","volume":"3","author":"Ambikapathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.08.053","article-title":"Food swamps and food deserts impact on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease mortality in US counties","volume":"23","author":"Paik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01210-8","article-title":"Obesity in adults","volume":"404","author":"Lingvay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0094","article-title":"MASLD in people with diabetes: screening and early intervention\u2014ADA consensus report","volume":"48","author":"Cusi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0071","article-title":"Saturated fat is more metabolically harmful for the human liver than unsaturated fat or simple sugars","volume":"41","author":"Luukkonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3100","article-title":"An overview of healthcare systems in Comoros: effects of two decades of political instability","volume":"87","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31668-4","article-title":"Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era: a systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries","volume":"392","author":"Kruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.38385","article-title":"County-level factors and preventable premature liver mortality in metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Paik","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2025.11.001","article-title":"Rural-urban disparities in mortality from alcoholic liver disease in the United States, 1999 to 2020","volume":"371","author":"Zafar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712191","article-title":"A protein-truncating HSD17B13 variant and protection from chronic liver disease","volume":"378","author":"Abul-Husn","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["JHEP Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S258955592600159X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S258955592600159X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:40:55Z","timestamp":1793148055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S258955592600159X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S258955592600159X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5559","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global structural determinants of MASLD: Development-stratified pathways linking food systems, metabolic risk, and liver outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JHEP Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2026.101888","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101888"}}