{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:29:30Z","timestamp":1792924170160,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1363186961000},"page":"399-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Cladistic analysis of extant and fossil African papionins using craniodental data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib3","unstructured":"Benefit, B.R., 1987. The molar morphology, natural history, and phylogenetic position of the middle Miocene monkey Victoriapithecus. Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1993.1041","article-title":"The permanent dentition and phylogenetic position of Victoriapithecus from Maboko Island, Kenya","volume":"25","author":"Benefit","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.12.5267","article-title":"Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates","volume":"88","author":"Benefit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/41078","article-title":"Earliest known Old World monkey skull","volume":"388","author":"Benefit","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib5","first-page":"276","article-title":"Preliminary results of excavations at the newly discovered Coopers D deposit, Gauteng, South Africa","volume":"99","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib6","first-page":"750","article-title":"On some new Pleistocene mammals from limestone caves of the Transvaal","volume":"33","author":"Broom","year":"1937","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib7","first-page":"89","article-title":"The South African Pleistocene ceropithecid apes","volume":"20","author":"Broom","year":"1940","journal-title":"Ann. Transv. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some South African Pliocene and Pleistocene mammals","volume":"21","author":"Broom","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann. Transv. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib9","first-page":"300","article-title":"Illustrations of the Manupeda of apes and their allies: being the arrangement of the Quadrumana or Anthropomorphous beasts indicated in the outline","volume":"26","author":"Burnett","year":"1828","journal-title":"Q.\u00a0J. Sci. Lit. Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.02.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial evidence for the hybrid origin of the kipunji, Rungwecebus kipunji (Primates: Papionini)","volume":"51","author":"Burrell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anguid lizards of the genus Ambronia: revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key","volume":"216","author":"Campbell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib12","unstructured":"Chamberlain, A.T., 1987. A taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of Homo habilis. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Liverpool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolution of the cercopithecoid forelimb: phylogenetic and functional implications from morphometric analyses","volume":"138","author":"Ciochon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Univ. Calif. Publ. Geo. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.9.5003","article-title":"How reliable are human phylogenetic hypotheses?","volume":"97","author":"Collard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0487","article-title":"Homoplasy and the early hominid masticatory system: inferences from analyses of extant hominoids and papionins","volume":"41","author":"Collard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib16","unstructured":"Curnoe, D., 1999. A contribution to the question of early Homo. Ph.D. Dissertation, Australian National University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/72.2.241","article-title":"Canonical and principal components of shape","volume":"72","author":"Darroch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125631","article-title":"A\u00a0new genus of African monkey, Rungwecebus: morphology, ecology, and molecular phylogenetics","volume":"312","author":"Davenport","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330540109","article-title":"Metrical analysis of the basicranium of extant hominoids and Australopithecus","volume":"54","author":"Dean","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330590206","article-title":"Basicranial anatomy of Plio-Pleistocene hominids from East and South Africa","volume":"59","author":"Dean","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330630408","article-title":"Additional fossil Theropithecus from Hopefield, South Africa: a comparison with other African sites and a reevaluation of its taxonomic status","volume":"63","author":"Dechow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib22","series-title":"Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus","first-page":"157","article-title":"Are Papio baringensis R. Leakey, 1969, and P.\u00a0quadratirostris Iwamoto, 1982, species of Papio or Theropithecus?","author":"Delson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body mass in Cercopithecidae (Primates, Mammalia): estimation and scaling in extinct and extant taxa","volume":"83","author":"Delson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib24","first-page":"199","article-title":"Cercopithecid biochronology of the African Plio-Pleistocene: correlation among eastern and southern hominid-bearing localities","volume":"69","author":"Delson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib25","series-title":"Evolutionary History of the \u2018Robust\u2019 Australopithecines","first-page":"317","article-title":"Chronology of South African australopith site units","author":"Delson","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib26","series-title":"Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus","first-page":"157","article-title":"Theropithecus fossils from Africa and India and the taxonomy of the genus","author":"Delson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib27","series-title":"The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys","first-page":"27","article-title":"Molecular timescale and gene tree incongruence in the guenons","author":"Disotell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the Old-World monkey tribe Papionini","volume":"9","author":"Disotell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330940105","article-title":"Generic level relationships of the Papionini (Cercopithecoidea)","volume":"94","author":"Disotell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib30","series-title":"Old World Monkeys","first-page":"29","article-title":"Molecular systematics of the Cercopithecidae","author":"Disotell","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(77)80041-9","article-title":"Diversity and frequency distribution of Omo Group Cercopithecoidea","volume":"6","author":"Eck","year":"1977","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib34","series-title":"Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus","first-page":"15","article-title":"Theropithecus darti from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia","author":"Eck","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330650204","article-title":"A\u00a0reassessment of the taxonomic status and phyletic relationships of Papio baringensis and Papio quadratirostris","volume":"65","author":"Eck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib32","series-title":"Les Faunes Plio-Pleistocenes de la Basse Vallee de l'Omo (Ethiopie), Tome 3 Cahiers de Paleontologie","first-page":"11","article-title":"The skull of Theropithecus brumpti compared with those of other species of the genus Theropithecus","author":"Eck","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib35","unstructured":"Eisenhart, W.L., 1974. The fossil cercopithecoids of Makapansgat and Sterkfontein. A.B. Thesis, Harvard College."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib36","first-page":"115","article-title":"Locomotor and habitat classification of cercopithecoid postcranial material from Sterkfontein Member 4, Bolt's Farm and Swartkrans Members 1 and 2, South Africa","volume":"37","author":"Elton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib37","series-title":"Systema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates, cum Synonymia et Historia Animalium. Classis I. Mammalia","author":"Erxleben","year":"1777"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib40","series-title":"Primate Adaptation and Evolution","author":"Fleagle","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1157","article-title":"Skeletal and dental morphology supports diphyletic origin of baboons and mandrills","volume":"96","author":"Fleagle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0526","article-title":"Skeletal and dental morphology of African papionins: unmasking a cryptic clade","volume":"42","author":"Fleagle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20713","article-title":"Biogeochemical and craniometric investigation of dietary ecology, niche separation, and taxonomy of Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecoids from the Makapansgat limeworks","volume":"135","author":"Fourie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib43","first-page":"121","article-title":"The fossil Cercopithecoidea of South Africa","volume":"23","author":"Freedman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Transv. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib44","first-page":"7","article-title":"Some new fossil cercopithecoid specimens from Makapansgat, South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Freedman","year":"1960","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"New cercopithecoid fossils, including a new species, from Taung, Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"46","author":"Freedman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann. S. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib46","first-page":"19","article-title":"Fossil and subfossil primates from the limestone deposits at Taung, Bolt's Farm, and Witkrans, South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Freedman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(76)90033-6","article-title":"South African fossil Cercopithecoidea: a re-assessment including a description of new material from Makapansgat, Sterkfontein and Taung","volume":"5","author":"Freedman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib42","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Parapapio species of Sterkfontein, Transvaal, South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Freedman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0603","article-title":"Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia","volume":"43","author":"Frost","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib49","series-title":"Ardipithecus Kadabba: Late Miocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cercopithecidae","author":"Frost","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib50","unstructured":"Frost, S.R., 2001a. Fossil Cercopithecidae of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia: species systematics and comparison to the Turkana Basin. Ph.D. Dissertation, The City University of New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0082(2001)350<0001:NEPCMP>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"New Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae (Mammalia: Primates) from Aramis, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia","volume":"3350","author":"Frost","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Mus. Nov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20688","article-title":"Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Middle Pleistocene Dawaitoli Formation, Middle Awash Valley, Afar Region, Ethiopia","volume":"134","author":"Frost","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib53","series-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis and Paleontology","first-page":"79","article-title":"An introduction to the logic of phylogeny reconstruction","author":"Gaffney","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib54","first-page":"731","article-title":"A\u00a0preliminary account of the baboon remains from Taungs","volume":"23","author":"Gear","year":"1926","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib55","first-page":"205","article-title":"The fossil baboons from Taungs","volume":"23","author":"Gear","year":"1958","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib57","first-page":"85","article-title":"Tableau des quadrumanes, 1. Ord. Quadrumanes","volume":"19","author":"Geoffroy St. Hilaire","year":"1812","journal-title":"Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib56","first-page":"486","article-title":"Description des Mammif\u00e8res Nouveaux ou Imparfaitement Connus de la Collection du Mus\u00e9um d'Histoire Naturelle. Famille des Singes","volume":"2","author":"Geoffroy St. Hilaire","year":"1843","journal-title":"Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.03.004","article-title":"Craniomandibular morphology supporting the diphyletic origin of mangabeys and a new genus of the Cercocebus\/Mandrillus clade, Procercocebus","volume":"53","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification and description of the first Theropithecus (Primates: Cercopithecidae) material from Bolt's Farm, South Africa","volume":"44","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Transv. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib67","unstructured":"Gilbert, C.C., 2008. African papionin phylogenetic history and Plio-Pleistocene biogeography. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stony Brook University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21160","article-title":"Morphometric variation in the papionin muzzle and the biochronology of the South African Plio-Pleistocene karst cave deposits","volume":"141","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11910","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702174104","article-title":"Congruence of molecules and morphology using a narrow allometric approach","volume":"104","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.05.013","article-title":"Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and phylogeny: a cladistic analysis of extant African papionins using craniodental data","volume":"57","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21004","article-title":"Plio-Pleistocene eagle predation on fossil cercopithecids from the Humpata Plateau, Southern Angola","volume":"139","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.05.005","article-title":"Miocene Cercopithecoidea from the Tugen Hills, Kenya","volume":"59","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.04.007","article-title":"Partial skeleton of Theropithecus brumpti (Primates, Cercopithecidae) from the Chemeron Formation of the Tugen Hills, Kenya","volume":"61","author":"Gilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.01.005","article-title":"Morphological systematics of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) and the ontogenetic development of phylogenetically informative characters in the Papionini","volume":"60","author":"Gilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib68","first-page":"296","article-title":"On the natural arrangement of vertebrate animals","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"1821","journal-title":"Lond. Med. Repository Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib69","first-page":"374","article-title":"Earliest primate remains from South Africa","volume":"77","author":"Grine","year":"1981","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02373224","article-title":"Phylogenetic and population systematics of the mangabeys (Primates: Cercopithecoidea)","volume":"19","author":"Groves","year":"1978","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib71","series-title":"A\u00a0Theory of Human and Primate Evolution","author":"Groves","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib72","series-title":"Old World Monkeys","first-page":"180","article-title":"The phylogeny of the Cercopithecoidea","author":"Groves","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib73","unstructured":"Guevara, E.E., Steiper, M.E., in revision. Phylogenetic analysis of the Papionina trichotomy using concatenation and species tree methods. J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0318","article-title":"Molecular systematics of the Old World monkey tribe Papionini: analysis of the total available genetic sequences","volume":"38","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025993","article-title":"Nuclear gene trees and the phylogenetic relationships of the mangabeys (Primates: Papionini)","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5962\/p.241284","article-title":"Stratigraphy and paleontology of Pliocene and Pleistocene localities west of Lake Turkana, Kenya","volume":"399","author":"Harris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contrib. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib77","first-page":"83","article-title":"Cercopithecids (Cercopihtecidae, Primates)","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Harrison","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib78","first-page":"68","article-title":"A\u00a0note on the occurrence of a species of baboon in limestone deposits near Taungs","volume":"12","author":"Haughton","year":"1925","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib79","unstructured":"Heaton, J.L., 2006. Taxonomy of the Sterkfontein fossil Cercopithecinae: the Papionini of Members 2 and 4 (Gauteng, South Africa). Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib80","series-title":"Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika","volume":"vol. 85","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2008.05.017","article-title":"A\u00a0multi-disciplinary seriation of early Homo and Paranthropus bearing palaeocaves in southern Africa","volume":"202","author":"Herries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quatern. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib83","unstructured":"Herries, A.I.R., 2003. Magnetostratigraphic seriation of South African hominin paleocaves. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Liverpool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21389","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: geochronology and palaeoenvironments of Southern African hominin-bearing localities \u2013 a reply to Wrangham et\u00a0al., 2009. \u201cShallow-water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins\u201d","volume":"143","author":"Herries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02373964","article-title":"A\u00a0fossil baboon skull from the lower Omo basin, southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"23","author":"Iwamoto","year":"1982","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib87","series-title":"Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus","first-page":"209","article-title":"The phylogeny of Theropithecus","author":"Jablonski","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330940402","article-title":"New fossil cercopithecid remains from the Humpata Plateau, southern Angola","volume":"94","author":"Jablonski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib89","series-title":"The Primate Fossil Record","first-page":"255","article-title":"Fossil Old World monkeys: the late Neogene radiation","author":"Jablonski","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib85","series-title":"Cenozoic Mammals of Africa","first-page":"393","article-title":"Cercopithecoidea","author":"Jablonski","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib86","first-page":"103","article-title":"Systematic paleontology of the cercopithecines","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Jablonski","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2307\/2798801","article-title":"The seed-eaters: a new model of hominid differentiation based on a baboon analogy","volume":"5","author":"Jolly","year":"1970","journal-title":"Man"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib91","first-page":"1","article-title":"The classification and natural history of Theropithecus (Simopithecus) (Andrews, 1916), baboons of the African Plio-Pleistocene","volume":"22","author":"Jolly","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109191","article-title":"The highland mangabey Lophocebus kipunji: a new species of African monkey","volume":"308","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib93","first-page":"709","article-title":"A\u00a0new fossil primate from Sterkfontein, Krugersdorp, Transvaal","volume":"33","author":"Jones","year":"1937","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib98","first-page":"53","article-title":"New Cercopithecidae from the Chemeron beds of Lake Baringo, Kenya","volume":"1","author":"Leakey","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fossil Vertebrates Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib99","series-title":"Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus","first-page":"85","article-title":"Evolution of Theropithecus in the Turkana Basin","author":"Leakey","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib94","series-title":"Laetoli: A Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania","first-page":"91","article-title":"Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Laetoli beds","author":"Leakey","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib95","first-page":"121","article-title":"Further Cercopithecinae (Mammalia, Primates) from the Plio\/Pleistocene of East Africa","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Leakey","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib96","series-title":"Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa","first-page":"201","article-title":"Cercopithecidae from Lothagam","author":"Leakey","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib97","series-title":"Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Monkeys","first-page":"359","article-title":"Geological background and cercopithecoid faunal assemblages","author":"Leakey","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib100","series-title":"Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentris, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus 1, Editis Decima, Reformata","author":"Linnaeus","year":"1758"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(1999)110:29+<189::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"The recognition and evaluation of homoplasy in primate and human evolution","volume":"42","author":"Lockwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yearb. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306235101","article-title":"Morphometrics and hominoid phylogeny: support for a chimpanzee\u2013human clade and differentiation among great ape subspecies","volume":"101","author":"Lockwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib103","series-title":"Mesquite: A Modular System for Evolutionary Analysis, Version 2.74","author":"Maddison","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib104","first-page":"69","article-title":"New fossil Cercopithecoidea from the lower Pleistocene cave deposits of the Makapansgat Limeworks, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Maier","year":"1970","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib105","series-title":"Primate Biogeography: Progress and Prospects","first-page":"201","article-title":"Biogeography and evolution of the Cercocebus-Mandrillus clade: evidence from the face","author":"McGraw","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib106","first-page":"43","article-title":"Taxonomic and evolutionary affinities of Papio izodi fossils from Taung and Sterkfontein","volume":"30","author":"McKee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Palaeont. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib107","first-page":"836","article-title":"A\u00a0fossil baboon from Angola, with a note on Australopithecus","volume":"46","author":"Minkoff","year":"1972","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Paleontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1970.10481136","article-title":"Size allometry: size and shape variables with characterizations of the lognormal and generalized gamma distributions","volume":"56","author":"Mosimann","year":"1970","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2307\/2407633","article-title":"New statistical methods for allometry with application to Florida red-winged blackbirds","volume":"33","author":"Mosimann","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib110","series-title":"Catalogue of Primates in the British Museum (Natural History) and Elsewhere in the British Isles. Part II: Family Cercopithecidae, Subfamily Cercopithecinae","author":"Napier","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib111","series-title":"Catalogue of Primates in the British Museum (Natural History) and Elsewhere in the British Isles. Part III: Family Cercopithecidae, Subfamily Colobinae","author":"Napier","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.04.031","article-title":"Additional molecular evidence strongly supports the distinction between the recently described African primate Rungwecebus kipunji (Cercopithecidae, Papionini) and Lophocebus","volume":"48","author":"Olson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/00359190509520486","article-title":"Dating of the Sterkfontein hominids: progress and possibilities","volume":"60","author":"Partridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001342","article-title":"A\u00a0molecular phylogeny of living primates","volume":"7","author":"Perelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437475","article-title":"Primate bearing Plio-Pleistocene cave deposits of Humpata Plateau, South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Pickford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib116","first-page":"227","article-title":"Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia","volume":"90","author":"Pickford","year":"1994","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.07.010","article-title":"Paranasal pneumatization in extant and fossil Cercopithecoidea","volume":"54","author":"Rae","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10144","article-title":"The term \u2018lateral recess\u2019 and craniofacial pneumatization in Old World monkeys (Mammalia, Primates, Cercopithedoidea)","volume":"258","author":"Rae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0106","article-title":"Early hominid evolution and ecological change through the African Plio-Pleistocene","volume":"32","author":"Reed","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2009.0741","article-title":"The biogeography of introgression in the critically endangered African monkey Rungwecebus kipunji","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21076","article-title":"Bringing up baby: developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of Rungwecebus kipunji","volume":"293","author":"Singleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0539","article-title":"Patterns of cranial shape variation in the Papionini (Primates: Cercopithecinae)","volume":"42","author":"Singleton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0122","article-title":"Body mass in comparative primatology","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.08.008","article-title":"Inferring hominoid and early hominid phylogeny using craniodental characters: the role of fossil taxa","volume":"47","author":"Strait","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0097","article-title":"A\u00a0reappraisal of early hominid phylogeny","volume":"32","author":"Strait","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(87)90061-3","article-title":"Cladistic analysis of cercopithecoid relationships","volume":"16","author":"Strasser","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib127","series-title":"Primate Dentition: An Introduction to the Teeth of Non-human Primates","author":"Swindler","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib128","series-title":"PAUP 4.0b10","author":"Swofford","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib129","series-title":"Evolutionary History of the Primates","author":"Szalay","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib130","first-page":"537","article-title":"Palaeomagnetic analysis of calcified deposits from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid site of Kromdraai, South Africa","volume":"98","author":"Thackeray","year":"2002","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00226.x","article-title":"The holy grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data","volume":"9","author":"Thiele","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-7903(03)00024-1","article-title":"Cercopithecine Y-chromosome data provide a test of competing morphological evolutionary hypotheses","volume":"27","author":"Tosi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.01.009","article-title":"X-chromosomal window into the evolutionary history of the guenons (Primates: Cercopithecini)","volume":"36","author":"Tosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib134","first-page":"156","article-title":"The ethmoid, the vomer and the palatine bones from the baboon skull","volume":"68","author":"Trevor-Jones","year":"1972","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150500234625","article-title":"Hylid frog phylogeny and sampling strategies for speciose clades","volume":"54","author":"Wiens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib136","series-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data","first-page":"115","article-title":"Coding morphological variation within species and higher taxa for phylogenetic analysis","author":"Wiens","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/106351501753328811","article-title":"Character analysis in morphological phylogenetics: problems and solutions","volume":"50","author":"Wiens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2003)023[0297:ITICAP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Incomplete taxa, incomplete characters, and phylogenetic accuracy: is there a missing data problem?","volume":"23","author":"Wiens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Vert. Paleontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390218330","article-title":"Missing data, incomplete taxa, and phylogenetic accuracy","volume":"52","author":"Wiens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2005.04.001","article-title":"Missing data and the design of phylogenetic analyses","volume":"39","author":"Wiens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib141","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Wood","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004859","article-title":"Is the new primate genus Rungwecebus a baboon?","volume":"4","author":"Zinner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plos One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248413000316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248413000316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T07:34:35Z","timestamp":1715067275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047248413000316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0047248413000316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}