{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:43:58Z","timestamp":1793065438647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAR-0640076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAR-0640076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAR-0719941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAR-0719941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS 1440742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 1440742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS 1440558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 1440558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS 1552848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 1552848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation GRF","award":["DGE-1315138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1315138"]}]},{"name":"The Professional Staff Congress and the City University of New York"},{"name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","award":["BR\/121\/A3\/PalEurAfrica"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR\/121\/A3\/PalEurAfrica"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T21:12:29Z","timestamp":1543266749000},"page":"103-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia, Europe, and North America"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Morse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.B.","family":"Chester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug M.","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Gigase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2016.02.037","article-title":"Pre-breakup magmatism on the V\u00f8ring Margin: Insight from new sub-basalt imaging and results from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 642E","volume":"675","author":"Abdelmalak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib3","first-page":"187","article-title":"The early Eocene rodent Tuscahomys (Cylindrodontidae) from the Great Divide Basin, Wyoming: Phylogeny, biogeography, and paleoecology","volume":"80","author":"Anemone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Carnegie Museum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.18814\/epiiugs\/2007\/v30i4\/003","article-title":"The global standard stratotype-section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)","volume":"30","author":"Aubry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1002\/ggge.20265","article-title":"Chemostratigraphic implications of spatial variation in the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum carbon isotope excursion, SE Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","volume":"14","author":"Baczynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1130\/B31389.1","article-title":"Distortion of carbon isotope excursion in bulk soil organic matter during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"128","author":"Baczynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Geological Society of America Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2016.10.030","article-title":"Constraining paleohydrolic change during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum in the continental interior of North America","volume":"465","author":"Baczynski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102320050205","article-title":"Early Eocene primate from Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, western India","volume":"50","author":"Bajpai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib9","series-title":"Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals","first-page":"129","article-title":"Phylogenetic systematics of the Primatomorpha, with special reference to Dermoptera","author":"Beard","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710180105","article-title":"The oldest North American primate and mammalian biogeography during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"105","author":"Beard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib12","first-page":"697","article-title":"Intercontinental dispersal of Holarctic land mammals near the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary: Paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, and biostratigraphic implications","volume":"170","author":"Beard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique de France"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2992\/007.078.0301","article-title":"Early Wasatchian mammals of the Red Hot Local Fauna, uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi","volume":"78","author":"Beard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Carnegie Museum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/349064a0","article-title":"First skulls of the Early Eocene primate Shoshonius cooperi and the anthropoid-tarsier dichotomy","volume":"349","author":"Beard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5962\/p.215170","article-title":"Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 12. New species of omomyid primates (Mammalia: Primates: Omomyidae) and omomyid taxonomic composition across the early-middle Eocene boundary","volume":"61","author":"Beard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Carnegie Museum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610579104","article-title":"New Paleocene skeletons and the relationship of plesiadapiforms to crown-clade primates","volume":"104","author":"Bloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib17","first-page":"73","article-title":"Refined isotope stratigraphy across the continental Paleocene-Eocene boundary on Polecat Bench in the northern Bighorn Basin","volume":"33","author":"Bowen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068700","article-title":"Mammalian dispersal at the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary","volume":"295","author":"Bowen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2316","article-title":"Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"8","author":"Bowen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000155707","article-title":"Affinities of Teilhardina (Primates, Omomyidae) with description of a new species from North America","volume":"25","author":"Bown","year":"1976","journal-title":"Folia Primatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Geology and paleontology of the Sand Creek facies, lower Willwood Formation (lower Eocene), Washakie County, Wyoming","author":"Bown","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patterns of dental evolution in Early Eocene anaptomorphine primates (Omomyidae) from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","author":"Bown","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90020-V","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships of a new genus and three new species of Omomyid primates (Willwood Formation, Lower Eocene, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming)","volume":"20","author":"Bown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution and stratigraphic correlation of Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene fossil mammal and plant localities of the Fort Union, Willwood and Tatman Formations, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","author":"Bown","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.08.002","article-title":"Relief index of second mandibular molars is a correlate of diet among prosimian primates and other euarchontan mammals","volume":"55","author":"Boyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22003","article-title":"New craniodental material of Pronothodectes gaoi Fox (Mammalia, \u201cPlesiadapiformes\u201d) and relationships among members of Plesiadapidae","volume":"147","author":"Boyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/77784e61-3a43-4615-85bd-b6b4369568fd","article-title":"Evolution and allometry of calcaneal elongation in living and extinct primates","volume":"8","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22702","article-title":"Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the talus","volume":"157","author":"Boyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.07.005","article-title":"Postcrania of the most primitive euprimate and implications for primate origins","volume":"111","author":"Boyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1418","article-title":"Shifting ranges and conservation challenges for lemurs in the face of climate change","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2008)28[816:PMPFTL]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates) from the Late Paleocene Fort Union Formation of the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado","volume":"28","author":"Burger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:1<127::AID-AJP9>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Forests without primates: Primate\/plant codependency","volume":"45","author":"Chapman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Primatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-018-0049-3","article-title":"Primate seed dispersal and forest restoration: An African perspective for a brighter future","author":"Chapman","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Primatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-010-9141-y","article-title":"A\u00a0new small-bodied species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta, Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"17","author":"Chester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalian Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421707112","article-title":"Oldest known euarchontan tarsals and affinities of Paleocene Purgatorius to Primates","volume":"112","author":"Chester","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170329","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170329","article-title":"Oldest skeleton of a plesiadapiform provides additional evidence for an exclusively arboreal radiation of stem primates in the Paleocene","volume":"4","author":"Chester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1998)026<1011:MCRTTL>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Mammalian community response to the latest Paleocene thermal maximum: An isotaphonomic study in the northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","volume":"26","author":"Clyde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90096-E","article-title":"The anterior lower dentition of Washakius insignis and adapid-anthropoidean affinities","volume":"21","author":"Covert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2001)029<0315:GDEAWT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global dinoflagellate event associated with the late Paleocene thermal maximum","volume":"29","author":"Crouch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(03)00334-1","article-title":"The Apectodinium acme and terrestrial discharge during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: New palynological, geochemical and calcareous nannoplankton observations at Tawanui, New Zealand","volume":"194","author":"Crouch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5962\/p.226618","article-title":"Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 14. Postcrania of Shoshonius cooperi (Mammalia: Primates)","volume":"68","author":"Dagosto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Carnegie Museum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.02.005","article-title":"Estimating body size in early primates: The case of Archicebus and Teilhardina","volume":"115","author":"Dagosto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10929","article-title":"Past extreme warming events linked to massive carbon release from thawing permafrost","volume":"484","author":"DeConto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729747","article-title":"Analysis of extreme values","volume":"21","author":"Dixon","year":"1950","journal-title":"The Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729693","article-title":"Ratios involving extreme values","volume":"22","author":"Dixon","year":"1951","journal-title":"The Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib46","series-title":"Primate Biogeography","first-page":"375","article-title":"The biogeography of primate evolution: The role of plate tectonics, climate, and chance","author":"Fleagle","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11513","article-title":"Fluvial response to abrupt global warming at the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary","volume":"491","author":"Foreman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.03.010","article-title":"New postcranial elements for the earliest Eocene fossil primate Teilhardina belgica","volume":"63","author":"Gebo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22664","article-title":"Additional postcranial elements of Teilhardina belgica: The oldest European primate","volume":"156","author":"Gebo","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000155804","article-title":"Dental variation in early Eocene Teilhardina belgica, with notes on the anterior dentition of some early Tarsiiformes","volume":"28","author":"Gingerich","year":"1977","journal-title":"Folia Primatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(81)80057-7","article-title":"Early Cenozoic Omomyidae and the evolutionary history of tarsiiform primates","volume":"10","author":"Gingerich","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/319319a0","article-title":"Early Eocene Cantius torresi\u2014oldest primate of modern aspect from North America","volume":"319","author":"Gingerich","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib53","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"Gingerich","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib54","first-page":"321","volume":"28","author":"Gingerich","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib55","first-page":"185","volume":"29","author":"Gingerich","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib56","first-page":"463","volume":"369","author":"Gingerich","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.03.006","article-title":"Environment and evolution through the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"21","author":"Gingerich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib58","first-page":"308","article-title":"Mammalian faunal succession through the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) in western North America","volume":"48","author":"Gingerich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib59","first-page":"245","volume":"31","author":"Gingerich","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib61","series-title":"Climate and Biota of the Early Paleogene 2006. Volume of Abstracts, Bilbao, Spain","first-page":"55","article-title":"The first stable isotope records from the Dormaal Sand Member and its earliest modern mammal fauna, Belgium","author":"Grimes","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib62","first-page":"43","article-title":"Les mammif\u00e8res de Rians","volume":"10\u201311","author":"Godinot","year":"1981","journal-title":"Palaeovertebrata"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000052715","article-title":"A\u00a0summary of adapiform systematics and phylogeny","volume":"69","author":"Godinot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Primatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00278.x","article-title":"Analyzing large data sets in reasonable times: solutions for composite optima","volume":"15","author":"Goloboff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12160","article-title":"TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics","volume":"32","author":"Goloboff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1127\/0078-0421\/2012\/0020","article-title":"On the geologic time scale","volume":"45","author":"Gradstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Newsletters on Stratigraphy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib67","series-title":"Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals, vol. 2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Euprimates","author":"Gunnell","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib68","series-title":"Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe","first-page":"205","article-title":"Mammalian biostratigraphy across the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary in the Paris, London and Belgian basins","author":"Hooker","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4202\/app.2011.0017","article-title":"A\u00a0new omomyid primate from the earliest Eocene of southern England: First phase of microchoerine evolution","volume":"57","author":"Hooker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1127\/nos\/2015\/0060","article-title":"A\u00a0two-phase mammalian dispersal event across the Paleocene-Eocene transition","volume":"48","author":"Hooker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Newsletters on Stratigraphy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib71","series-title":"International Code of Zoological Nomenclature","author":"ICZN","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22387","article-title":"Body size and premolar evolution in the Early-Middle Eocene euprimates of Wyoming","volume":"153","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/353225a0","article-title":"Abrupt deep-sea warming, palaeoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Palaeocene","volume":"353","author":"Kennett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/358319a0","article-title":"Correlation between isotope records in marine and continental carbon reservoirs near the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary","volume":"358","author":"Koch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib75","first-page":"10","article-title":"Processing data for outliers","volume":"6","author":"Komsta","year":"2006","journal-title":"R\u00a0News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.09.011","article-title":"Transient drying during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM): Analysis of paleosols in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","volume":"245","author":"Kraus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2012.12.008","article-title":"Paleohydrologic response to continental warming during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","volume":"370","author":"Kraus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2015.06.021","article-title":"Alluvial response to the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum climatic event, Polecat Bench, Wyoming (U.S.A.)","volume":"435","author":"Kraus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib79","series-title":"Reformata, vol. 1","article-title":"Systema naturae: per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis: edito decimal","author":"Linnaeus","year":"1758"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1130\/G20476.1","article-title":"Paleocene-Eocene carbon isotope excursion in organic carbon and pedogenic carbonate: Direct comparison in a continental stratigraphic section","volume":"32","author":"Magioncalda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-040610-133431","article-title":"The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: A perturbation of carbon cycle, climate, and biosphere with implications for the future","volume":"39","author":"McInerney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib83","first-page":"262","article-title":"The earliest Eocene mammal fauna of the Erquelinnes Sand Member near the French-Belgian border","volume":"16","author":"Missiaen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geologica Belgica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2010.03.039","article-title":"An extraterrestrial 3He-based timescale for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) from Walvis Ridge, IODP Site 1266","volume":"74","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib85","first-page":"65","article-title":"Un gisement sparnacien exceptionnel \u00e0 plantes, arthropodes et vert\u00e9br\u00e9s (\u00c9oc\u00e8ne basal, MP7): Le Quesnoy (Oise, France)","volume":"329","author":"Nel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences Paris, Sciences de la terre et des plan\u00e8tes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02126","article-title":"A\u00a0euprimate skull from the early Eocene of China","volume":"427","author":"Ni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.04S001","article-title":"A\u00a0clue to the Asian origin of euprimates","volume":"113","author":"Ni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anthropological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0082(2007)528[1:DOTFEC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Discovery of the first early Cenozoic euprimate (Mammalia) from Inner Mongolia","volume":"3571","author":"Ni","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Museum Novitates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12200","article-title":"The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution","volume":"498","author":"Ni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2107","article-title":"Oligocene primates from China reveal divergence between African and Asian primate evolution","volume":"352","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00277.x","article-title":"The parsimony ratchet, a new method for rapid parsimony analysis","volume":"15","author":"Nixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib92","series-title":"Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay","first-page":"73","article-title":"Postcranial morphology of Apheliscus and Haplomylus (Condylarthra, Apheliscidae): Evidence for a Paleocene Holarctic origin of Macroscelidea","author":"Penkrot","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib93","series-title":"Sedimentary Geology","author":"Prothero","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib94","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1061","article-title":"The dentition of Dyseolemur, and comments on the use of the anterior teeth in primate systematics","volume":"29","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q12002","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GC001784","article-title":"On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM)","volume":"8","author":"R\u00f6hl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00002a010","article-title":"Statistical treatment for rejection of deviant values: Critical values of Dixon Q parameter and related subrange ratios at the 95 percent confidence level","volume":"83","author":"Rorabacher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib98","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"Rose","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.1360030505","article-title":"The earliest primates","volume":"3","author":"Rose","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolutionary Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1018","article-title":"Anterior dentition and relationships of the early Eocene omomyids Arapahovius advena and Teilhardina demissa, sp. nov","volume":"28","author":"Rose","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib101","series-title":"The Beginning of the Age of Mammals","author":"Rose","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/309250a0","article-title":"Gradual phyletic evolution at generic level in early Eocene omomyid primates","volume":"309","author":"Rose","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.1.98","article-title":"Additional fossil evidence on the differentiation of the earliest euprimates","volume":"88","author":"Rose","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<523::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Skull of early Eocene Cantius abditus (Primates: Adapiformes) and its phylogenetic implications, with a reevaluation of \u201cHesperolemur\u201d actius","volume":"109","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21579","article-title":"New fossils of the oldest North American euprimate Teilhardina brandti (Omomyidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"146","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib106","first-page":"1","volume":"36","author":"Rose","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213859","article-title":"Evolution of the earliest horses driven by climate change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","volume":"335","author":"Secord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08429","article-title":"Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in Eocene adapiform primates","volume":"461","author":"Seiffert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib109","series-title":"Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals, vol. 2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Plesiadapiformes","author":"Silcox","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2009.00614.x","article-title":"Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals","volume":"160","author":"Silcox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21526","article-title":"The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms","volume":"26","author":"Silcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evolutionary Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib112","first-page":"1","article-title":"The dentition of Ourayia:\u2014its bearing on relationships of omomyid prosimians","volume":"54","author":"Simons","year":"1961","journal-title":"Yale Peabody Museum Postilla"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib113","first-page":"185","article-title":"Studies on the earliest primates","volume":"77","author":"Simpson","year":"1940","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2004.06.001","article-title":"From greenhouse to icehouse; organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene","volume":"68","author":"Sluijs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04668","article-title":"Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Paleocene\/Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"441","author":"Sluijs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PA4216","DOI":"10.1029\/2008PA001615","article-title":"Eustatic variations during the Paleocene-Eocene greenhouse world","volume":"23","author":"Sluijs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-10-1421-2014","article-title":"Warming, euxinia and sea level rise during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum on the Gulf Coastal Plain: Implications for ocean oxygenation and nutrient cycling","volume":"10","author":"Sluijs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Climate of the Past"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2007.07.021","article-title":"Magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: the role of plant community change","volume":"262","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib119","first-page":"177","article-title":"Diacodexis gigasei n. sp., le plus ancien Artiodactyle (Mammalia) belge, proche de la limite Pal\u00e9oc\u00e8ne-Eoc\u00e8ne","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib120","first-page":"119","article-title":"Synth\u00e8se des donn\u00e9es actuelles sur les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s de la transition Pal\u00e9oc\u00e8ne-Eoc\u00e8ne de Dormaal (Belgique)","volume":"104","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 belge de G\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib121","first-page":"117","article-title":"The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MP7)","volume":"131","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Belgian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.4202\/app.2009.0125","article-title":"A\u00a0new genus of \u201cmiacid\u201d carnivoran from the earliest Eocene of Europe and North America","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paleontologica Polonica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib123","first-page":"373","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11223","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511296103","article-title":"Rapid Asia-Europe-North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"103","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1130\/G33567.1","article-title":"Hot\u00a0summers in the Bighorn Basin during the early Paleogene","volume":"41","author":"Snell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2012.686927","article-title":"New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Paleocene-Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)","volume":"11","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib127","first-page":"254","article-title":"Dispersals of placental carnivorous mammals (Carnivoramorpha, Oxyaenodonta & Hyaenodontida) near the Paleocene-Eocene border: a climatic and almost worldwide story","volume":"16","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geologica Belgica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geobios.2013.02.003","article-title":"Sinopaninae and Arfianinae (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Europe and Asia; evidence for dispersal in Laurasia around the Paleocene\/Eocene boundary and for an unnoticed faunal turnover in Europe","volume":"46","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib129","first-page":"291","article-title":"Palynology, paleoenvironments, and organic carbon isotope evolution in lagoonal Paleocene-Eocene boundary settings in North Belgium","author":"Steurbaut","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib130","first-page":"127","article-title":"New Wa-0 mammalian fauna from Castle Gardens in the southeastern Bighorn Basin","volume":"33","author":"Strait","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/P9331029986","article-title":"Early Eocene (Wasatchian) rodent assemblages from the Washakie Basin, Wyoming","volume":"33","author":"Strait","year":"2016","journal-title":"PaleoBios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib132","first-page":"157","article-title":"Systematics of the Omomyidae (Tarsiiformes, Primates): Taxonomy, phylogeny, and adaptations","volume":"156","author":"Szalay","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les mammif\u00e8res de l\u2019\u00e9oc\u00e8ne inf\u00e9rieur de la Belgique","volume":"36","author":"Teilhard de Chardin","year":"1927","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires du Mus\u00e9e royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3374\/0079-032X(2008)49[43:SAOTEP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Systematic analysis of the Eocene primate family Omomyidae using gnathic and postcranial data","volume":"49","author":"Tornow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib135","first-page":"219","article-title":"Catalogue des mammif\u00e8res vivants et fossiles. Insectivores","volume":"7","author":"Trouessart","year":"1879","journal-title":"Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqu\u00e9e, Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-010-4095-8","article-title":"Early Paleogene stratigraphic sequences, mammalian evolution and its response to environmental changes in Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science China Earth Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib137","series-title":"Phylogeny of the Omomyidae and implications for anthropoid origins","author":"Williams","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930305","article-title":"New early Eocene anaptomorphine primate (Omomyidae) from the Washakie Basin, Wyoming, with comments on the phylogeny and paleobiology of anaptomorphines","volume":"93","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1200554","article-title":"Plant response to a global greenhouse event 56 million years ago","volume":"100","author":"Wing","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116913","article-title":"Transient floral change and rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary","volume":"310","author":"Wing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.07.009","article-title":"Tropical forests in a changing environment","volume":"20","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.2475\/09.2006.02","article-title":"High-resolution carbon isotope stratigraphy and mammalian faunal change at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the honeycombs area of the southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","volume":"306","author":"Yans","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23213","article-title":"Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior","volume":"163","author":"Yapuncich","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2010.04.011","article-title":"S-DIVA (Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis): A tool for inferring biogeographic histories","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.03.008","article-title":"RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies): A tool for historical biogeography","volume":"87","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059412","article-title":"Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65\u00a0Ma to present","volume":"292","author":"Zachos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109004","article-title":"Rapid acidification of the ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum","volume":"308","author":"Zachos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06588","article-title":"An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics","volume":"451","author":"Zachos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1666\/10-093.1","article-title":"New species of the rare early Eocene creodont Galecyon and the radiation of early Hyaenodontidae","volume":"85","author":"Zack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03351","article-title":"Affinities of \u2018hyopsodontids\u2019 to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria","volume":"434","author":"Zack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248417303585?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248417303585?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:04:37Z","timestamp":1775282677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047248417303585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":147,"alternative-id":["S0047248417303585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia, Europe, and North America","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Human Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}