{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:31:23Z","timestamp":1788809483980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE160100743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE160100743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"ARC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT130100195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT130100195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","award":["CGL2015-65387-C3-2-P-MINECO\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2015-65387-C3-2-P-MINECO\/FEDER"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Atapuerca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:06:40Z","timestamp":1554854800000},"page":"76-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New bracketing luminescence ages constrain the Sima de los Huesos hominin fossils (Atapuerca, Spain) to MIS 12"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Demuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee J.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arantza","family":"Aranburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nohemi","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan-Luis","family":"Arsuaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib1","series-title":"Tendencias Actuales de Investigaci\u00f3n en la Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Espa\u00f1ola","first-page":"31","article-title":"Sima de los Huesos. Escenarios de la formaci\u00f3n del yacimiento, cr\u00edtica y sesgo demogr\u00e1fico","author":"Aguirre","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib105","series-title":"An Introduction to Optical Dating: The Dating of Quaternary Sediments by the Use of Photon-Stimulated Luminescence","first-page":"267","author":"Aitken","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0137","article-title":"Surface modifications of the Sima de los Huesos fossil humans","volume":"33","author":"Andrews","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.02.044","article-title":"The stratigraphy of the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Spain) and implications for the origin of the fossil hominin accumulation","volume":"433","author":"Aranburu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2008.12.001","article-title":"Stochastic modelling of multi-grain equivalent dose (De) distributions: Implications for OSL dating of sediment mixtures","volume":"4","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2015.02.005","article-title":"Insights into TT-OSL signal stability from single-grain analyses of known-age deposits at Atapuerca, Spain","volume":"30B","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2009.02.017","article-title":"A\u00a0revised burial dose estimation procedure for optical dating of young and modern-age sediments","volume":"4","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2011.09.001","article-title":"Portable gamma spectrometry with cerium-doped lanthanum bromide scintillators: suitability assessments for luminescence and electron spin dating applications","volume":"47","author":"Arnold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2012.02.005","article-title":"Empirical insights into multi-grain averaging effects from \u2018pseudo\u2019 single-grain OSL measurements","volume":"47","author":"Arnold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3885.2012.00262.x","article-title":"OSL dating of the Middle Palaeolithic Hotel California site, Sierra de Atapuerca, north-central Spain","volume":"42","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Boreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.12.001","article-title":"Luminescence dating and palaeomagnetic age constraint on hominins from Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca, Spain","volume":"67","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.08.010","article-title":"Evaluating the suitability of extended-range luminescence dating techniques over Early and Middle Pleistocene timescales: Published datasets and case studies from Atapuerca, Spain","volume":"389","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2016.07.003","article-title":"OSL dating of individual quartz 'supergrains' from Ancient Middle Palaeolithic site of Cuesta de la Bajada, Spain","volume":"36","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2018.01.004","article-title":"Single-grain TT-OSL bleaching characteristics: insights from modern analogues and OSL dating comparisons","volume":"49","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2018.05.006","article-title":"Reconstructing the sedimentary history of Lezetxiki II cave (Basque Country, northern Iberian Peninsula) using micromorphological analysis","volume":"372","author":"Arriolabengoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sedimentary Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib15","series-title":"Atapuerca y la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana","author":"Arsuaga","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/362534a0","article-title":"Three new human skulls from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site in Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain","volume":"362","author":"Arsuaga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0132","article-title":"Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). The site","volume":"33","author":"Arsuaga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0133","article-title":"The Sima de los Huesos crania (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). A comparative study","volume":"33","author":"Arsuaga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253958","article-title":"Neandertal roots: cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos","volume":"344","author":"Arsuaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02599","article-title":"Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core","volume":"429","author":"Augustin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2005.09.012","article-title":"Statistical modelling of single grain quartz De distributions and an assessment of procedures for estimating burial dose","volume":"25","author":"Bailey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.04.008","article-title":"U-series dating and classification of the Apidima 2 hominin from Mani Pensinsula, Suthern Greece","volume":"109","author":"Bartsiokas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2018.04.007","article-title":"Single-grain TT-OSL dating results confirm an Early Pleistocene age for the lower Moulouya River deposits (NE Morocco)","volume":"49","author":"Bartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.02.012","article-title":"Luminescence chronology of cave sediments at the Atapuerca palaeoanthropological site, Spain","volume":"55","author":"Berger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1993.1027","article-title":"The Atapuerca dental remains. New evidence (1987-1991 excavations) and interpretations","volume":"24","author":"Berm\u00fadez de Castro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1086\/jar.60.1.3631006","article-title":"Palaeodemography of the Atapuerca-SH Middle Pleistocene hominid sample. A revision and new approaches to the paleodemography of the European Middle Pleistocene population","volume":"60","author":"Berm\u00fadez de Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Anthropological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2016.10.010","article-title":"Continuity versus discontinuity of the human settlement of Europe between the late Early Pleistocene and the early Middle Pleistocene. The mandibular evidence","volume":"153","author":"Berm\u00fadez de Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0130","article-title":"Geology and preliminary dating of the hominid-bearing sedimentary fill of the Sima de los Huesos Chamber, Cueva Mayor of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain","volume":"33","author":"Bischoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.2002.0834","article-title":"The Sima de los Huesos hominids date to beyond U\/Th equilibrium (>350 kyr) and perhaps to 400\u2013500 kyr: new radiometric dates","volume":"30","author":"Bischoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4487(03)00011-8","article-title":"Beta doses to spherical grains","volume":"37","author":"Brennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200033865","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates","volume":"51","author":"Bronk Ramsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiocarbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-0189(88)90062-3","article-title":"Assessment of beta dose-rate using a GM multicounter system","volume":"14","author":"B\u00f8tter-Jensen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nuclear Tracks Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01383","article-title":"New ages for human occupation and climate change at Lake Mungo, Australia","volume":"421","author":"Bowler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3885.2012.00248.x","article-title":"A\u00a0robust feldspar luminescence dating method for Middle and Late Pleistocene sediments","volume":"41","author":"Buylaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Boreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2005.11.010","article-title":"The emergence of a symbolic behaviour: the sepulchral pit of Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain","volume":"5","author":"Carbonell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.08.003","article-title":"The bony labyrinth in the Aroeira 3 Pleistocene cranium","volume":"125","author":"Conde-Valverde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619040114","article-title":"New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)","volume":"114","author":"Daura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0435-3676.2005.00273.x","article-title":"Debris flow triggered by rapid snowmelt: a case study in the Glei .arhjalli area, northwestern Iceland","volume":"87","author":"Decaulne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geografiska Annaler Series A Physical Geography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anthro.2015.06.001","article-title":"L\u2019homme de Tautavel. Un Homo erectus europ\u00e9en \u00e9volu\u00e9. Homo erectus tautavelensis","volume":"119","author":"de Lumley","year":"2015","journal-title":"L'Anthropologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2012.11.003","article-title":"OSL dating of loess deposits bracketing Sheep Creek tephra beds, northwest Canada: Dim and problematic single-grain OSL characteristics and their effect on multi-grain age estimates","volume":"15","author":"Demuro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110169","article-title":"New luminescence ages for the Galer\u00eda Complex archaeological site: Resolving chronological uncertainties on the Acheulean record of the Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain","volume":"9","author":"Demuro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.08.035","article-title":"Extended-range luminescence chronologies suggest potentially complex bone accumulation histories at the Early-to-Middle Pleistocene palaeontological site of Hu\u00e9scar-1 (Guadix-Baza basin, Spain)","volume":"389","author":"Demuro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib41","first-page":"76","article-title":"Extended-range luminescence dating of sedimentary infill sequences of the Atapuerca karst complex: determining access history to the Sima de los Huesos site","volume":"5","author":"Demuro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2018.02.006","article-title":"Single-grain OSL dating of the Middle Palaeolithic site of Galer\u00eda de las Estatuas, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain)","volume":"49","author":"Demuro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2009.11.027","article-title":"Hominin variability, climatic instability and population demography in Middle Pleistocene Europe","volume":"30","author":"Dennell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib44","series-title":"I\u00a0Jornadas Burgalesas de Historia Introducci\u00f3n a la Historia de Burgos en la Edad Media","first-page":"517","article-title":"Estudio tafo-zooarqueol\u00f3gico del Pleistoceno Medio. Aplicaci\u00f3n a la Sima de los Huesos. Sierra de Atapuerca. Burgos","author":"D\u00edez","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4487(02)00170-1","article-title":"Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements","volume":"37","author":"Duller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib112","first-page":"15","article-title":"Assessing the error on equivalent estimates derived from single aliquot regenerative dose measurements","volume":"25","author":"Duller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ancient TL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2011.09.003","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence signal from quart for dating sediments","volume":"7","author":"Duller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718678115","article-title":"Hominin skeletal part abundances and claims of deliberate disposal of corpses in the Middle Pleistocene","volume":"115","author":"Egeland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2015.02.006","article-title":"New ESR and U-series dating at Caune de l'Arago, France: a key-site for European Middle Pleistocene","volume":"30","author":"Falgu\u00e8res","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2014.09.012","article-title":"Chronology of the Middle Palaeolithic open-air site of Combe Brune 2 (Dordogne, France): a multi luminescence dating approach","volume":"52","author":"Frouin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib108","first-page":"49","article-title":"A note on the variance of a background-corrected OSL count","volume":"20","author":"Galbraith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ancient TL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-0189(90)90035-V","article-title":"Estimating the component ages in a finite mixture","volume":"17","author":"Galbraith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2012.04.020","article-title":"Statistical aspects of equivalent dose error calculation a nd display in OSL dating: An overview and some recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Galbraith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4754.1999.tb00987.x","article-title":"Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium rock shelter, northern Australia: Part I, experimental design and statistical models","volume":"41","author":"Galbraith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archaeometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2010.03.009","article-title":"Steppes, savannahs, forests and phytodiversity reservoirs during the Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"162","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Samp\u00e9riz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0020","article-title":"A\u00a0re-analysis of electron spin resonance dating results associated with the Petralona hominid","volume":"30","author":"Gr\u00fcn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib113","first-page":"5","article-title":"Dose-rate conversion factors: update","volume":"29","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ancient TL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2010.10.006","article-title":"A\u00a0late Middle Pleistocene hominid: Bianche-Saint-Vaast 2, North France","volume":"10","author":"Guipert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.09.042","article-title":"Early\u2013Middle Pleistocene transitions: Linking terrestrial and marine realms","volume":"389","author":"Head","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2016.02.049","article-title":"The emergence of the Middle Palaeolithic in north-western Europe and its southern fringes","volume":"41","author":"H\u00e9risson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2014.05.010","article-title":"A\u00a0revised chronology for the Grotte Vaufrey (Dordogne, France) based on TT-OSL dating of sedimentary quartz","volume":"75","author":"Hernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904119106","article-title":"The origins of Neandertals","volume":"106","author":"Hublin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2009.04.001","article-title":"Ebb and flow or regional extinctions? On the character of Neandertal occupation of northern environments","volume":"8","author":"Hublin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22336","article-title":"New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens","volume":"546","author":"Hublin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.03.007","article-title":"Extending the chronology of deposits at Blombos Cave, South Africa, back to 140 ka using optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz","volume":"51","author":"Jacobs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib63","first-page":"491","article-title":"Development of the SAR TT-OSL procedure for dating Middle Pleistocene dune and shallow marine deposits along the Cape coast of South Africa","volume":"6","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2478\/s13386-013-0160-3","article-title":"Review and assessment of the potential of post-IR IRSL dating methods to circumvent the problem of anomalous fading in feldspar luminescence","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geochronometria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib65","first-page":"PA1003","article-title":"A\u00a0Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic \u03b418O records","volume":"20","author":"Lisiecki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00085.1","article-title":"Pleistocene depositional history in a periglacial terrane: A 500 ka record from Kent's Cavern, Devon, United Kingdom","volume":"3","author":"Lundberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.06.010","article-title":"The new chronology of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy)","volume":"59","author":"Manzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2010.05.034","article-title":"Early\u2013Middle Pleistocene environmental changes and human evolution in the Italian peninsula","volume":"30","author":"Manzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.08.007","article-title":"Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos (Spain)","volume":"62","author":"Martin\u00f3n-Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib70","first-page":"10","article-title":"Internal radioactivity in quartz and feldspar grains","volume":"5","author":"Mejdahl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ancient TL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17405","article-title":"Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins","volume":"531","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2011.03.008","article-title":"First 40Ar\/39Ar age of the Ceprano man (central Italy)","volume":"6","author":"Nomade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.08.053","article-title":"The Middle Pleistocene site of La Cansaladeta (Tarragona, Spain): Stratigraphic and archaeological succession","volume":"393","author":"Oll\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2012.05.031","article-title":"Evolution of multilevel caves in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) and its relation to human occupation","volume":"196","author":"Ortega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<451::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"On the age of the hominid fossils at Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca: paleomagnetic evidence","volume":"111","author":"Par\u00e9s","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2008.02.013","article-title":"Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK","volume":"27","author":"Pawley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/1350-4487(94)90086-8","article-title":"Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations","volume":"23","author":"Prescott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12886","volume":"505","author":"Pr\u00fcfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib78","first-page":"9","article-title":"Optical dating of young sediments using fine-grain quartz","volume":"13","author":"Rees-Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ancient TL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4754.1997.tb00797.x","article-title":"Optical dating results for British archaeological sediments","volume":"39","author":"Rees-Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archaeometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2018.05.004","article-title":"ESR\/U-series chronology of early Neanderthal occupations at Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)","volume":"49","author":"Richard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22335","article-title":"The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age","volume":"546","author":"Richter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/c940fe44-4832-4234-9e05-870f09268be1","article-title":"New radiometric ages for the BH-1 hominin from Balanica (Serbia): Implications for understanding the role of the Balkans in Middle Pleistocene human evolution","volume":"8","author":"Rink","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PA1204","DOI":"10.1029\/2010PA001927","article-title":"Iberian Margin sea surface temperature during MIS 15 to 9 (580\u2013300 ka): glacial suborbital variability versus interglacial stability","volume":"26","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2015.08.002","article-title":"Criteria for assessing the quality of Middle Pleistocene to Holocene vertebrate fossil ages","volume":"30","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521269113","article-title":"Neanderthals revised","volume":"113","author":"Roebroeks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(87)90070-4","article-title":"Two new mandibular fragments from Atapuerca\/Ibeas (SH site). a reassessment of the affinities of the Ibeas mandibles sample","volume":"16","author":"Rosas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/bor.12083","article-title":"Luminescence dating of ice-marginal deposits in northern Germany: evidence for repeated glaciations during the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12 to MIS 6)","volume":"44","author":"Roskosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bores"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2014.05.004","article-title":"Carnivore activity in the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Spain) hominin sample","volume":"97","author":"Sala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2015.01.002","article-title":"Breakage patterns in Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Spain) hominin sample","volume":"55","author":"Sala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126589","article-title":"Lethal interpersonal violence in the Middle Pleistocene","volume":"10","author":"Sala","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2016.06.001","article-title":"The Sima de los Huesos crania: Analysis of the cranial breakage patterns","volume":"72","author":"Sala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib92","series-title":"Actas de la Reuni\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica: Neandertales Cant\u00e1bricos, Estado de la Cuesti\u00f3n. Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira","first-page":"115","article-title":"La historia de la vegetaci\u00f3n y el clima del \u00faltimo ciclo clim\u00e1tico (OIS5-OIS1, 140.000-10.000 a\u00f1os BP) en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica y su posible impacto sobre los grupos paleol\u00edticos","author":"S\u00e1nchez Go\u00f1i","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2015.11.006","article-title":"Climate changes in south western Iberia and Mediterranean Outflow variations during two contrasting cycles of the last 1 Myrs: MIS 31\u2013MIS 30 and MIS 12-MIS 11","volume":"136","author":"S\u00e1nchez Go\u00f1i","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global and Planetary Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpal.2014.02.002","article-title":"Endocranial traits of the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Spain) and Petralona (Chalkidiki, Greece) Middle Pleistocene ursids. Phylogenetic and biochronological implications","volume":"100","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annales de Pal\u00e9ontologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215627","article-title":"Human evolution out of Africa: the role of refugia and climate change","volume":"335","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2008.06.002","article-title":"Laboratory fading rates of various luminescence signals from feldspar-rich sediment extracts","volume":"43","author":"Thomsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2009.08.003","article-title":"A\u00a01.2 Ma record of glaciation and fluvial discharge from the West European Atlantic margin","volume":"28","author":"Toucanne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib97","series-title":"Continuity and Discontinuity in the Peopling of Europe: One Hundred Fifty Years of Neanderthal Study","first-page":"113","article-title":"Neanderthal geographical and chronological variation","author":"Vandermeersch","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-6-531-2010","article-title":"Variations in mid-latitude North Atlantic surface water properties during the mid-Brunhes (MIS 9-14) and their implications for the thermohaline circulation","volume":"6","author":"Voelker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Climate of the Past"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2006.01.001","article-title":"Thermally transferred luminescence in fine-grained quartz from Chinese loess: Basic observations","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2006.05.020","article-title":"Recuperated OSL dating of fine-grained quartz in Chinese loess","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19726","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012722107","article-title":"Radiometric\u00a0dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany","volume":"107","author":"Wagner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2010.01.013","article-title":"Mauer \u2013 the type site of Homo heidelbergensis: palaeoenvironment and age","volume":"30","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003_bib103","first-page":"76","article-title":"Cave sediments and palaeoclimate","volume":"69","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004724841830318X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004724841830318X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T01:40:28Z","timestamp":1565142028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004724841830318X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S004724841830318X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New bracketing luminescence ages constrain the Sima de los Huesos hominin fossils (Atapuerca, Spain) to MIS 12","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Human Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}