{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:43:42Z","timestamp":1781541822459,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T11:22:49Z","timestamp":1739791369000},"page":"103637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A reanalysis of the Taung endocranial surface: Comparison with large samples of living hominids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1458-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn","family":"Hurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Garvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Bocko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Cofran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hawks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20362","article-title":"Looking for the lunate sulcus: A magnetic resonance imaging study in modern humans","volume":"288A","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf9445","article-title":"A\u00a0revised perspective on the evolution of the lateral frontal cortex in primates","volume":"9","author":"Amiez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib3","series-title":"The Isocortex of the Chimpanzee","author":"Bailey","year":"1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.01.002","article-title":"Internal cranial features of the Mojokerto child fossil (East Java, Indonesia)","volume":"48","author":"Balzeau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib5","first-page":"20","article-title":"Multiple component sulci form the chimpanzee lunate sulcus","volume":"183","author":"Bocko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib7","first-page":"93","article-title":"New micro-CT scan of the imbedded prefrontal of the Taung endocast","volume":"156","author":"Broadfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib8","series-title":"Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function","author":"Campbell","year":"1905"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203922","article-title":"The endocast of MH1, Australopithecus sediba","volume":"333","author":"Carlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib10","series-title":"Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, 2008","first-page":"129","article-title":"Meshlab: An open-source mesh processing tool","author":"Cignoni","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(01)91441-7","article-title":"BrainVISA: Software platform for visualization and analysis of multi-modality brain data","volume":"13","author":"Cointepas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib12","series-title":"External Morphology of the Primate Brain","author":"Connolly","year":"1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib13","series-title":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres","author":"Cunningham","year":"1892"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/115195a0","article-title":"Australopithecus africanus - The man-ape of South Africa","volume":"115","author":"Dart","year":"1925","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.11.011","article-title":"Hominoid visual brain structure volumes and the position of the lunate sulcus","volume":"58","author":"de Sousa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13318","article-title":"Are endocasts reliable proxies for brains? A 3D quantitative comparison of the extant human brain and endocast","volume":"238","author":"Dumoncel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib16","series-title":"The Human Brain: Surface, Three-dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply","author":"Duvernoy","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib17","first-page":"74","article-title":"The so-called \u2018\u2018Affenspalte\u2019\u2019 in the human (Egyptian) brain","volume":"24","author":"Elliot Smith","year":"1903","journal-title":"Anat. Anzeiger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib18","first-page":"436","article-title":"The morphology of the occipital region of the cerebral hemisphere in man and the apes","volume":"24","author":"Elliot Smith","year":"1904","journal-title":"Anat. Anzeiger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1904.0008","article-title":"The morphology of the retrocalcarine region of the cortex cerebri","volume":"73","author":"Elliot Smith","year":"1904","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib20","first-page":"198","article-title":"New studies on the folding of the visual cortex and the significance of the occipital sulci in the human brain","volume":"41","author":"Elliot Smith","year":"1907","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anat. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib21","series-title":"The Evolution of Man: Essays. H. Milford","author":"Elliot Smith","year":"1927"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330530409","article-title":"A\u00a0reanalysis of the South African australopithecine natural endocasts","volume":"53","author":"Falk","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330600410","article-title":"The Taung endocast: A reply to Holloway","volume":"60","author":"Falk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330800307","article-title":"Ape-like endocast of the ape-man Taung","volume":"80","author":"Falk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21184","article-title":"The natural endocast of Taung (Australopithecus africanus): Insights from the unpublished papers of Raymond Arthur Dart. Yearb","volume":"140","author":"Falk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00134","article-title":"Interpreting sulci on hominin endocasts: Old hypotheses and new findings","volume":"8","author":"Falk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119752109","article-title":"Metopic suture of Taung (Australopithecus africanus) and its implications for hominin brain evolution","volume":"109","author":"Falk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000487248","article-title":"Identification of in\u00a0vivo sulci on the external surface of eight adult chimpanzee brains: Implications for interpreting early hominin endocasts","volume":"91","author":"Falk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0575","article-title":"Increased morphological asymmetry, evolvability and plasticity in human brain evolution","volume":"280","author":"G\u00f3mez-Robles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib62","volume":"1","author":"Gratiolet","year":"1854"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz4729","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz4729","article-title":"Australopithecus afarensis endocasts suggest ape-like brain organization and prolonged brain growth","volume":"6","author":"Gunz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330560105","article-title":"Revisiting the South African Taung australopithecine endocast: The position of the lunate sulcus as determined by the stereoplotting technique","volume":"56","author":"Holloway","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330640310","article-title":"The Taung endocast and the lunate sulcus: A rejection of the hypothesis of its anterior position","volume":"64","author":"Holloway","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib31","series-title":"Hominid Evolution: Past Present, and Future","first-page":"47","article-title":"The past, present, and future significance of the lunate sulcus in early hominid evolution","author":"Holloway","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330770106","article-title":"Some additional morphological and metrical observations on Pan brain casts and their relevance to the Taung endocast","volume":"77","author":"Holloway","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402905111","article-title":"New high-resolution computed tomography data of the Taung partial cranium and endocast and their bearing on metopism and hominin brain evolution","volume":"111","author":"Holloway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib34","series-title":"The Human Fossil Record, Volume 3, Brain Endocasts \u2013 The Paleoneurological Evidence","author":"Holloway","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720842115","article-title":"Endocast morphology of Homo naledi from the Dinaledi chamber, South Africa","volume":"115","author":"Holloway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib35","first-page":"31","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive analysis of variability in the sulci that define the inferior frontal gyrus in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) brain","volume":"179","author":"Hopkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm244","article-title":"Brain size and cortical structure in the adult human brain","volume":"18","author":"Im","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.037","article-title":"Anatomical variability of the lateral frontal lobe surface: Implication for intersubject variability in language neuroimaging","volume":"24","author":"Juch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib38","series-title":"New Discoveries Relating to the Antiquity of Man","author":"Keith","year":"1931"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib39","first-page":"274","article-title":"What do brain endocasts tell us? A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sulcal identification by experts and perspectives in palaeoanthropology","volume":"244","author":"Labra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib40","first-page":"300","article-title":"Observations on the anatomy of the fossil Australopithecinae","volume":"81","author":"Le Gros Clark","year":"1947","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.7.754","article-title":"Sulcal variability of twins","volume":"9","author":"Lohmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm174","article-title":"Deep sulcal landmarks provide an organizing framework for human cortical folding","volume":"18","author":"Lohmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40656-019-0258-x","article-title":"All things bleak and bare beneath a brazen sky: Practice and place in the analysis of Australopithecus","volume":"41","author":"Madison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hist. Philos. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-011-0118-6","article-title":"Occipital sulci of the human brain: Variability and morphometry","volume":"87","author":"Malikovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00734-8","article-title":"\u201cPlis de passage\u201d deserve a role in models of the cortical folding process","volume":"32","author":"Mangin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib46","series-title":"The Human Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01814392","article-title":"Beitrag zur morphologie der \u00e4usseren grosshirnhemisph\u00e4renoberfl\u00e4che bei den anthropoiden (schimpanse und orang)","volume":"85","author":"Mingazzini","year":"1928","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib48","series-title":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","author":"Ono","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.09.008","article-title":"Differences in cytoarchitecture of Broca's region between human, ape and macaque brains","volume":"118","author":"Palomero-Gallagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz0032","article-title":"The primitive brain of early Homo","volume":"372","author":"Ponce de Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib63","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnevo.2011.00011","article-title":"Continuity, divergence, and the evolution of brain language pathways","volume":"3","author":"Rilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Evol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21792","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative quantitative analysis of cytoarchitecture and minicolumnar organization in Broca's area in humans and great apes","volume":"510","author":"Schenker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp138","article-title":"Broca's area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Probabilistic mapping, asymmetry, and comparison to humans","volume":"20","author":"Schenker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10046","article-title":"Variability of Broca's area homologue in African great apes: Implications for language evolution","volume":"271","author":"Sherwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.058","article-title":"A\u00a0population-average, landmark- and surface-based (PALS) atlas of human cerebral cortex","volume":"28","author":"Van Essen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60136","article-title":"Chimpanzee brain morphometry utilizing standardized MRI preprocessing and macroanatomical annotations","volume":"9","author":"Vickery","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637_bib57","first-page":"105","article-title":"The external configuration of the cerebral hemispheres of the chimpanzee","volume":"71","author":"Walker","year":"1936","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anat."}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248424001453?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248424001453?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:21:46Z","timestamp":1741166506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047248424001453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0047248424001453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A reanalysis of the Taung endocranial surface: Comparison with large samples of living hominids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Human Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103637","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103637"}}